Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Somatic cell nuclear transfer, species and cell types used for, 12 452t Somatic cells... 

Hlfoo Oocytes In the zygote up to midblastula transition Replaces somatic HI during somatic cell nuclear transfer RI ... 

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in stem cell research the derivation of ESCs from human blastocysts [9], the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer technology [10] and the confirmation that neurogenesis occurs in the adult... 

Cloning of Dolly the sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)... 

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were first derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) from the blastocyst stage (-100-200 cells) of embryos generated by in vitro fertilization [35,36]. In humans the blastocyst is an early-stage embryo, approximately 4 to 5 days old. The blastocyst can be formed by means of either in vitro fertilization or somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is combined with an enucleated oocyte. Methods have been developed to derive hESCs from the late morula stage (30-40 cells) and from arrested embryos (16-24 cells incapable of further development), and more recently from single blastomeres isolated from 8-cell embryos (37). 

One approach to overcome the transplant rejection of human embryonic stem (ES) cells is to derive them by nuclear transfer of the patients own cells. In the absence of an efficient protocol for human somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), several critical steps must be optimized, namely reprogramming time, activation method, and in vitro culture conditions. Reprogramming time was defined as the time between cell fusion and oocyte activation to permit proper embryonic development. A 2 h reprogramming time led to 25% of the recon-stracted embryos developing to blastocysts. In SCNT, in the absence of sperm-mediated activation, an artificial stimulus is needed to initiate embryo development. Addition of 10 pM ionophore for 5 min, and incubation with 2.0 mM 6-dimethyl aminopurine for 4 h, was the most efficient chemical activation protocol for human SCNT embryos. Encouragingly, inefficiencies in embryo culture have been overcome by supplementing... 

Human Somatic Cel Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) 273 Table 11.1 Conditions for human somatic cell nuclear transfer... 

Hwang Enudeation.mpeg Human somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) enucleation, injection of donor cell and fusion donor cell and oocyte. (kindly provided by Woo Suk Hwang, Seoul National University)... 

Human platelet-derived growth factor, see PDGF Human protein processing 774 Human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) 325 Human serum albumin (HSA) 275 Human somatic cell nuclear transfer 273 Human tissue plasminogen activator... 

Somatic cell nuclear transfer, see SCNT Somatomedin-1 463 Somatonorm 477 Somatostatin receptor... 

Another quantum leap for modern biotechnology was the first cloned mammal by Ian Willmut in 1996 (see his quote for Modern Biopharmaceuticals ) by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -the sheep Dolly . Then, in 2004, the first human embryo was cloned by a team led by Woo Suk Hwang, who was able to obtain pluripotent embryonic stem cells by SCNT of reprogrammed human adult cells. The highly differentiated genetic pro-... 

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned by a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. A nucleus from an adult mammary cell was transferred into an egg from which the nucleus had been removed. The egg was allowed to divide several times In culture, then the embryo was transferred to a surrogate mother who gave birth to Dolly. Dolly died In 2003 after mating and giving birth herself to viable offspring. What does the creation of Dolly tell us about the potential of nuclear material derived from a fully differentiated adult cell Does the creation of Dolly tell us anything about the potential of an intact, fully differentiated adult cell Name three types of information that function to preserve cell type. Which of these types of Information was shown to be reversible by the Dolly experiment ... 

Lu S, Wang H et al (2010) Both the transplantation of somatic cell nuclear transfer- and fertilization-derived mouse embryonic stem cells with temperature-responsive chitosan hydrogel improve myocardial performance in infarcted rat hearts. Tissue Eng A 16 1303-15... 

SIRIPATTARAPRAVAT K, PINMEE B, VENTA P J, CHANG C C and CIBELLI J B (2009) SomatiC cell nuclear transfer in zebrafish. Nat Methods, 6,733-735. 

The influence of donor nucleus source on the outcome of zebrafish somatic cell nuclear transfer. Int I Dev Biol, 54,1679-1683. 

Fig. 3 Somatic cell nuclear transfer strategy for transgenesis. NPs can be used to delivery DNA into somatic cells, which can then be selected for gene expression and microinjected into enucleated oocytes for production of transgenic animals...

Uhm SJ, Gupta MK, Kim T et al (2007) Expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in porcine- and bovine-cloned embryos following interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer of fibroblasts transfected by retrovirus vector. Mol Reprod Dev 74 1538-1547... 

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Implantation of nuclei from somatic (body) cells into an egg to make a cloned embryo. 

The reaction product(s) of the individual electrode reactions are constituents of the (aqueous) electrolyte (H in the example of an acidic electrolyte, as displayed in the scheme of Fig. 5.2), which avoids polarization losses in the electrolyte (see Chapter Livestock Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ). 

Blastomere Derivation Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells... 

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