Solvents dibutyl phthalate

Activating solvent (dibutylphthalate) Activating solvent (dibutyl phthalate)... 

They also reported that for solutions of low-viscosity solvents are larger than that for a high-viscosity solvent, dibutyl phthalate for which were obtained rjs = 0.138 poise, rjsp/c —12 ml/g and (> —>ls)/ (t] — t]s) = 0.07. However, is poor in precision owing to the uncertainty included in the method of estimation. In fact, there is a reason to believe that from the same data should be approximately equal to that in Aroclor, a high-viscosity solvent [( 7) see 4.4.1 for details]. 

The reactor effluent, Stream 7—containing small amounts of unreacted benzene, maleic anhydride, quinone, and combustion products—is cooled in E-603 and then sent to an absorber column, T-601, which has both a reboiler and condenser. In T-601, the vapor feed is contacted with recycled heavy organic solvent (dibutyl phthalate). Stream 9. This solvent absorbs the maleic anhydride, quinone, and small amounts of water. Any water in the solvent leaving the bottom of the absorber, T-601, reacts with the maleic anhydride to form maleic acid, which must be removed and purified from the maleic anhydride. The bottoms product from the absorber is sent to a separation tower, T-602, where the dibutyl phthalate is recovered as the bottoms product. Stream 14, and recycled back to the absorber. A small amount of fresh solvent. Stream 10, is added to account for losses. The overhead product from T-602, Stream 13, is sent to the maleic acid column, T-603, where 95 mol% maleic acid is removed as the bottoms product. 

Maleic acid can be thermally dehydrated to maleic anhydride (69) or dehydrated through azeotropic distillation. Solvents such as xylenes (70) or dibutyl phthalate [84-74-2] (71) are preferred but conditions must be carefully adjusted to avoid isomerization to fumaric acid. 

The role of specific interactions in the plasticization of PVC has been proposed from work on specific interactions of esters in solvents (eg, hydrogenated chlorocarbons) (13), work on blends of polyesters with PVC (14—19), and work on plasticized PVC itself (20—23). Modes of iateraction between the carbonyl functionaHty of the plasticizer ester or polyester were proposed, mostly on the basis of results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir). Shifts in the absorption frequency of the carbonyl group of the plasticizer ester to lower wave number, indicative of a reduction in polarity (ie, some iateraction between this functionaHty and the polymer) have been reported (20—22). Work performed with dibutyl phthalate (22) suggests an optimum concentration at which such iateractions are maximized. Spectral shifts are in the range 3—8 cm . Similar shifts have also been reported in blends of PVC with polyesters (14—20), again showing a concentration dependence of the shift to lower wave number of the ester carbonyl absorption frequency. 

Camphor, dibutyl phthalate [84-74-2], and other Hpidic solvents are common plastici2ers. Nad lacquers requite the presence of a suspending agent because pigments have a tendency to settle. Most tinted lacquers contain a suitable flocculating agent, such as stearalkonium hectorite, a reaction product of hectorite [12173 6-6] and stearalkonium chloride [122-19-0],... 

Toluidine Red, like P.O.5, is by volume one of the 20 largest organic pigments in the world. It shows insufficient fastness towards solvents in fact, it is partially inferior even to monoazo yellow pigments, which is also true for other members of this class. Its stability to alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and dibutyl phthalate equals step 3 on the 5 step scale P.R.3 is even less fast to esters and ketones. 

P.Y.154, which was introduced in the mid-seventies, affords a somewhat greenish yellow shade of very high lightfastness and weatherfastness. Its shade is distinctly redder than that of P.Y.175 and noticeably redder than that of P.Y.151, both of which are also members of the benzimidazolone series. P.Y.154 is completely or at least almost completely resistant to the major organic solvents. The list includes alcohols, esters, such as butylacetate, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as mineral spirits or xylene, and dibutyl phthalate. 

In terms of stability to organic solvents, P.Br.23 performs like other red pigments within its class. It is thus somewhat inferior to the yellow products. Regarding fastness to various ketones, esters, and alcohols, as well as to dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, P.Br.23 equals step 3 1 and step 4, respectively, on the 5 step scale. P.Br.23 is broad in scope, but its main field of application is in plastics. 

Many cosmetics manufacturers have used the lower phthalates (diethyl phthalate, dimethyl and dibutyl phthalates) for many years as solvents and diluents in perfumes. On the whole, the cosmetic industry is able to innovate guickly because cosmetic products have a relatively short life cycle this provides short to medium-term opportunities to formulate out the problem ingredients in the next version of the product. Raw materials come at different costs and to reformulate-out chemicals of concern may result in a temporary increase in material cost. However, as more companies switch to alternatives, economies of scale are realised and the price will fall. ... 

Butanol, which at one time was an unwanted by-product in the preparation of acetone, is now the most important product of the fermentation. The building of a large new factory in Puerto Rico using 10,000 tons of molasses per annum for its production is an indication of this importance. Butanol is probably still the best solvent for cellulose nitrate lacquers. Dibutyl phthalate is certainly the most widely used plasticizer for synthetic resins, and butyl oleate, tributyl citrate and dibutyl tartrate have also been described as plasticizers. Another important use of butanol is as a source of butadiene, which serves as an intermediate in the conversion of sucrose into a synthetic rubber. Although in recent years other methods have been described for the preparation of butanol (for example, from ethyl alcohol and from acetylene), yet the fermentation of carbohydrates is still the cheapest process. 

Cellulose acetate-butyrate, as 19% soln in acetone Dibutyl Phthalate Dye(soluble in organic solvents)... 

Photoinduced Changes in Phase Boundary Potentials. The photoinduced membrane potentials were measured by using PVC matrix liquid membranes in contact with a polypyrrole-coated Pt electrode [dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the membrane solvent]. The polypyrrole layer allows to obtain a stable and sample-in-dependent potential drop between Pt and the PVC membrane. The phase boundary potential at the interface of a membrane containing ionophore and an aqueous RbCl or KCl solution could be reversibly altered by UV and visible light irradiation, as shown for ionophore 89 in Figure 23a,b. The values of the photoinduced potential... 

The vapor pressure, p, of a solvent at 25°C is an important quantity and varies considerably among common solvents, some being very volatile (n-pentane and diethyl ether) whereas others are quite nonvolatile (n-hexadecane and dibutyl phthalate). 

Jensen et al.16 also studied the decomposition of 5-ethoxythiatriazole in dibutyl phthalate solution in the presence of trichloroacetic acid, tripentylamine, 4-benzylpyridine, anhydrous aluminum chloride, or trinitrobenzene, but practically no effect on the reaction rate was observed. However, later experiments have shown that the decomposition can indeed by enhanced catalytically by Lewis acids under conditions where the catalyst is not sequestered by complex formation with the solvent.19 Thus the addition of aluminum chloride to 5-phenylthiatriazole in benzene causes a brisk evolution of nitrogen at room temperature, and if instead boron tribromide is added, a rather violent reaction sets in. However, when esters or ethers are used as... 

At higher shear rates, Watanabe and Kotaka (1983) observed thixotropy, i.e. stress decay increasing as a function of shear rate, in PS-PB diblocks in dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which is a selective solvent for PS.The fact that the flow crossed over from plastic to viscous non-Newtonian on increasing the shear rate indicated the breakdown of the micellar lattice structure, rather than of the individual micelles. This was confirmed by parallel measurements on a cross-linked PB-PS system, where stress decay and recovery were also observed. Thus the... 

These are dispersants (e.g., amines, fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids), binders (e.g., wax polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol), plasticisers (e.g., stearic acids, dibutyl phthalate, polyethylene glycol) and solvents (e.g., water, organics) [244-250]. They are needed to prepare a suitable suspension or slurry for the subsequent shaping step. They must evaporate during a presintering treatment without causing failures (Table 9). Suspensions as well as slurries should have an uniform distribution of the Si3N4 particles, adequate viscosity, and no... 

The vapour pressure, p, of a solvent at 25°C is an important quantity and varies considerably among common solvents, some being very volatile, such as n- pentane and diethyl ether, with p = 68.7 and 71.6 kPa, respectively at this temperature, whereas others are quite non-volatile, such as -hexadecane and dibutyl phthalate, with p = 2 x K>4 and 1 x K>5 kPa, respectively. The values of the vapour pressure of the solvents in our List at 25 °C (or where otherwise noted, for solvents not liquid at 25 °C), p/kPa in exponential notation ( E k = 10 /l), are shown in Table 3.1 and pertain to the saturation value,... 

Amyl, butyl, and iso-propyl acetates are all made from acetic acid and the appropriate alcohols. All are useful lacquer solvents and their slow rate of evaporation (compared to acetone or ethyl acetate) prevents the surface of the drying lacquer from falling below the dew point, which would cause condensation on the film and a mottled surface appearance (blushing). Other esters of importance are used in perfumery and in plasticizers and include methyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, diethyl-phthalate, dibutyl-phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate. 

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