Solubility sulfur compounds

Impurities such as heavy metal sulfides are filtered out. Water-soluble sulfur compounds are oxidized to insoluble barium sulfate and removed. The solution is then evaporated to crystaUize barium chloride. 

Total organic sulfur = protein cysteine + protein methionine + soluble sulfur compounds - S04. ... 

Other sulfur compounds such as thiourea, ammonium dithiocarbamate, or hydrogen sulfide also lead to 2-mercaptothiazoles. Thus thiourea has been used in the syntheses of 4,5-dimethyl (369) and 4-aryl-2-mercapto-thiazoles (Table 11-30) (519). The reactions were carried out by condensing the ia -thiocyanatoketones with thiourea in alcohol and water acidified with hydrochloric acid. By this procedure, 4-aryl-2-mercaptothiazoles were obtained in yields of 40 to 80% with bis-(4-aryl-2-thiazolyl) sulfides as by-products (519). These latter products (194) have also been observed as a result of the action of thiourea on 2-chloro-4-arylthiazole under the same experimental conditions. They can be separated from 2-mercaptothiazoles because of their different degrees of solubility in sodium hydroxide solution at 5%. In this medium bis-(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)sulfide is... 

Other miscellaneous compounds that have been used as inhibitors are sulfur and certain sulfur compounds (qv), picryUiydrazyl derivatives, carbon black, and a number of soluble transition-metal salts (151). Both inhibition and acceleration have been reported for styrene polymerized in the presence of oxygen. The complexity of this system has been clearly demonstrated (152). The key reaction is the alternating copolymerization of styrene with oxygen to produce a polyperoxide, which at above 100°C decomposes to initiating alkoxy radicals. Therefore, depending on the temperature, oxygen can inhibit or accelerate the rate of polymerization. 

The physical solvent sulfolane provides the system with bulk removal capacity. Sulfolane is an excellent solvent of sulfur compounds such as H2S, COS, and CS2. Aromatic and heavy hydrocarbons and CO2 are soluble in sulfolane to a lesser degree. The relative amounts of DIPA and sulfolane are adjusted for each gas stream to custom fit each application. Sulfinol is usually used for streams with an H2S to CO2 ratio greater than 1 1 or where it is not necessary to remove the CO2 to the same levels as is required for H2S removal. The physical solvent allows much greater solution loadings of acid gas than for pure amine-based systems. Typically, a Sulfinol solution of 40% sulfolane, 40% DIPA and 20% water can remove 1.5 moles of acid gas per mole of Sulfinol solution. 

The effectiveness of an odorant depends on the partition coefficients and the solubility. Vapor-liquid equilibria data for sulfur compounds in liquified natural gas are available [745,944]. 

One of the most significant differences between Arabica and Robusta coffees is in the caffeine content. Robusta coffees contain almost twice the caffeine found in Arabica coffees. There are some other differences recognized thus far Robustas contain almost no sucrose and only very small amounts of the kaurane and furokaurane-type diterpenes they contain higher proportions of phenols, complex carbohydrates (both soluble and hydrolyzable), volatile fatty acids on roasting, and sulfur compounds, all in comparison with Arabicas. References to these distinctions can be found in Chapter 6 of this book. 

Contacting a fossil fuel with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution, capable of depleting water-soluble salt contaminants from the fossil fuel and with an effective amount of a biocatalyst capable of depleting sulfur compounds from the fossil fuel ... 

Deep desulfurization method of fossil fuels, comprising a first step of HDS and a BDS step for the removal of HDS sulfur refractory compounds, using an effective amount of a biocatalyst. The fuel is incubated in the presence of one or more BDS-active microorganisms, which converts the organic sulfur compounds into water-soluble inorganic sulfur. Then, in a separation stage, the products of the incubation are separated into a deeply desulfurized liquid fossil fuel, and the water-soluble inorganic sulfur. 

The genus Thiobacillus, especially the species T. denitrificans catalyzed the oxidation reactions of hydrogen sulfide yielding soluble hydrosulfide compounds, elemental sulfur, and sulfuric acid. Carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide are converted to hydrogen sulfide by hydrolysis. Additionally, they are oxidized to SOx and sulfates via microbial action. The reported oxidation reactions of thiosulfate using nitrate as electron acceptor are ... 

Mercury has several other characteristics that make it of particular environmental concern and make it likely to be found as many different species. It is a natural constituent of soil, although it occurs at low concentrations. It is widely used both in industry and in the laboratory, making it a common contaminant of reference soils. Metallic mercury has a relatively high vapor pressure, which means that it can occur in measurable amounts in the soil atmosphere. It has a high affinity for reduced sulfur compounds in soil solids and soluble organic matter that allows species to be present in the soil solution above mercury s solubility limit. 

Alkanolamines, generally referred to as amines, are organic compounds of the form Hn-N-(R0H)3-n (3) the hydroxyl group generally provides for the compounds solubility in water, while the HN group provides the alkalinity in water solutions to cause the absorption of acid gases. Amine processes used commercially are shown in Table I. These compounds are chemical solvents they combine chemically with H2S, C02, and other sulfur compounds. They are customarily regenerated by the application of heat. 

In the context of the desirability of removing sulfur compounds from fuels, a bacterial strain has been identified that will metabolize thianthrene to water-soluble products under aerobic conditions (83MI5). A thermophilic organism, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, removed 38% of the sulfur, as measured by sulfate release, in 4 weeks at 70°C (87MI2). 

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