Physical solvents

J. A. Riddick, W. B. Bunger, and T. K. Sakano, "Organic Solvents, Physical Properties, and Methods of Purification," in Techniques of Organic Chemistry, Vol 2, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1986, p. 954. 

Thiol-thione tautomers have not been extensively studied, but UV and IR evidence show that 5-phenylisothiazole-3-thiol exists in the SH form. Ring-chain tautomerism of 2,3-dihydro derivatives of 1,2-benzisothiazole can occur (26a 26b) and the position of equilibrium depends very much on the solvent, physical state and nature of the substituents (69JOC919, 81KGS1209). 

Determination of water of different materials is one of the important tasks of the analytical chemistry. For water determination in organic solvents physical-chemical methods use side by side with the classic titration method by Karl Fisher. In particular, gas chromatography (GC), distinguished its universality and selectivity, is used. However, GC usually used for determination of relatively large quantity of water. 

J.A. Riddick and W.B. Bunger, Organic Solvents Physical Properties and Methods of Purification, Techniques of Chemistry, Vol II, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970. 

The initial drying of currently applied alkyd paints is accomplished by evaporation of solvent (physical drying). Subsequently, the eventual curing of the alkyd paint is completed by the formation of a polymer network, which is mainly formed by chemical crosslinks (oxidative drying) but in some cases also physical interactions between the fatty acid side chains occur, such as crystallization or proton-bridge formation [129]. Efficient network formation is crucial in the formation of dry films with good mechanical properties. Due to the presence of unsaturated units in the investigated LOFA- and TOFA-PHA bin-... 

Riddick JA, Bunger WB, Sakano TK. 1986. Techniques of chemistry, vol. II Organic solvents Physical properties and method of purification, 4th ed. New York NY John-Wiley Sons, 242-243. 

The choice of organic solvent can also have a dramatic effect on selectivity.In contrast to enzyme activity, in the majority of examples reported there appears to be no correlation between solvent physical properties and enantioselectivity. In fact, investigating the effect of various solvents towards a number of lipases, Secundo et al also found that the optimal solvent differed with both enzyme and substrate. A number of theories have been postulated in order to explain these effects in individual cases, but none has any general predictive value. This is somewhat intriguing given that differences in enantioselectivity simply relate to a change in the relative rate of conversion of each enantiomer. 

Riddick, J. A. and W. B. Bunger, ORGANIC SOLVENTS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND METHODS OF PURIFICATION. 3rd ed., Wiley Interscience, New York, NY (1970). 

Define complete range of characteristics (uniform format and units) to characterize solvents (physical, computed and fuzzy )... 

Weissberger A (ed) (1986) Organic solvents. Physical properties and methods of purification, 4th edn. Wiley, New York... 

As an example, when determining a solvent s environmental waste score, data are obtained to first score the solvent based on its environmental performance or impacts when it is incinerated, recycled, or undergoes biotreatment. A fourth score is calculated based on the solvent s VOC emissions when handled or used in a process. Some of the data used to determine the basic impact scores include solvent physical property data, waste generation estimations, and ease of operability (in the case of treatment methods). The geometric mean of the four impact area scores yields the environmental waste score. The scores are calculated on a l-to-4 scale and subsequently normalized on a 1-to-lO scale. 10 represents the greenest score and 1 is the least green score for this method [9]. 

The data in this table are from Riddick, J.A., Bunger, W. B., Sakano, T. K. (Eds) Organic Solvents, Physical Properties and Methods of Purification, 4th edn, Wiley ... 

T. K. Organic Solvents, Physical Properties and Methods of Purification, 4th edn, Wiley Sons, New Yorle, 1986. 

Dissolve tetrasodium pyrophosphate in water, phosphate. Dissolve thoroughly. 2. Add Rhodafac LO-529 and Alkamide DC-212/S. 3. Add solvent. Physical Properties pH, as is 11.0 pH (1%) 9.0 Viscosity. 290 cps Specific Gravity 1.01 Formula FC-0054 Floor Cleaner Add trisodium Wt.%... 

---