Microorganisms, activity

This outcome was consistent with a hypothesis that structural deterioration could have been a byproduct of microorganism activity. The higher lipid content in the poorly preserved tissue suggests that those lipids are primarily extrinsic, that is, that they were produced by bacteria and/or fungi. As the food source for such microorganisms, the protein within the bone may have been substantially altered in concert with the microstructure deterioration. The quantification of the changes to the organic fraction became our next focus of research. 

Table 8 shows large differences in bio-stabilization time. The reason is the thickness and thermo-conduction of the barrel wall which caused heat losing. Ahn s research has proven that the wall conduction accounted to 62% of the heat loss [13]. Two-layer insulation wall is therefore suggested. One more reason is the waste amount which was used, 18 kg/barrel. This weight is maybe not yet in optimal volume with the barrel. It may have resulted in inefficient microorganism activity. 

In this study, volume of leachate was monitored twice a week. Once a week, waste was taken out to mix with air with an expectation of raising microorganism activities to enhance the aerobic condition. High amount of leachate in the next days was noticed. As a result, leachate volume of barrels 1 and 3 was higher but not the case for barrel 2 (Fig. 14). Barrel 2 contained lower content of biowaste, which... 

Other claimed matter DBT for enrichment, biocatalyst preparation contacting process Enzymes contacting process Pure compounds as feedstock Membrane fragments and extracts Cell-free extract (envelope and its fragments + associated enzyme) reversible emulsion microemulsion reverse micelles Cell-free enzyme preparation microemulsified process RR and derivatives and other biocatalyst concepts + any known microorganism active for C—S bond cleavage... 

The few reports on bioremediation of colored effluents by yeasts usually mention nonenzymatic processes as the major mechanism for azo dye decolorization [5-10]. In a first approximation based on the cellular viability status, these processes can be divided into two different types bioaccumulation and biosorption. Bioaccumulation usually refers to an active uptake mechanism carried out by living microorganisms (actively growing yeasts). The possibility of further dye biotransformation by redox reactions may also occur due to the involvement of... 

Microorganism Activate T Lymphocytes and Bystander Cells in the Skin in Atopic Dermatitis An important strategy by which S. aureus exacerbates atopic dermatitis is by secreting exotoxins. Some of them function as superantigens, which stimulate activation of T cells and major histocompatibility (MHC) class II + APC or keratinocytes, which express MHC class II upon activation. Many effects on T lymphocytes and other cells are elicited by superantigens (table 1). 

Anthrax vaccines Bacillus anthracis-duenwedu antigens found in a sterile filtrate of cultures of this microorganism Active immunization against anthrax... 

As briefly discussed, microorganisms can decrease metal toxicity by the oxidation or reduction of metals. Some microorganisms actively reduce metals to decrease bioavailability while others may oxidize metals to facilitate their removal from the environment. Early laboratory studies by Konetzka (1977) found Pseudomonas spp. 

Figure 2 presents surface tension and E values obtained for fermented broth at different initial pH values in CS media. For all the pH values tested, a decrease in surface tension of the medium was noted before inoculation (62.5 dyn/cm) by the microorganism activity. These results indicate that the tested bacteria have the ability to produce biosurfactant at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.0 The minimum surface tension values of 30.1 and 31.5 dyn/cm were obtained when the medium s initial pH was 7.0 and 8.0, respectively. 

Antibodies bound to an invading microorganism activate the complement system via the classical pathway. This consists of a cascade of proteolytic reactions leading to the formation of membrane attack complexes on the plasma membrane of the microorganism that cause its lysis. Polysaccharides on the surface of infecting microorganisms can also activate complement directly in the absence of antibody via the alternative pathway. 

The complement system consists of about 20 interacting soluble proteins that circulate in the blood and extracellular fluid. Immunoglobulin molecules bound to the surface of the microorganisms activate Cl, the first component of the complement pathway. The activation occurs through the Fc portion (see Topic D2) of the bound antibody. Only bound antibody can activate complement, soluble antibody not bound to an antigen has no such effect. 

As pointed out by Westlake and San Antonio (46) such factors as temperature, light, humidity, air movement, volatility of the compounds, and microorganism activity are influencing the breakdown and mechanical dispersion of residues on plant surfaces and in soils. However, within plants and animals, probably the most important single factor in pesticide breakdown and transformation is through enzymatic action. As shown in Figure 1, when a pesticide is applied to plants, animals, soils, water or air, there are many factors that may effect chemical changes, and the rates of such alterations will depend on the nature of the compound and the particular environmental conditions to which... 

Recent Advances in Molecular Methods for Studying Uncultivated Marine Microorganisms Active in Nitrogen Cycling... 

Parameters to describe a solid-state fermentation process for cellulase production include physical properties such as temperature, pH, humidity and water activity, particle size, pile and real densities, pore size and porosity, etc. chemical components such as medium composition, gas-phase composition, amount and properties of microorganisms, activities of cellulases, etc. and kinetic para-... 

High metallic ion concentrations and high total salt content in the carbohydrate feed has been found to decrease the yield in citric acid fermentation, These ions can be removed by passing the carbohydrate solution through cation and anion exchange resin beds. The salts required for optimum microorganism activity can be added in the desired concentration prior to fermentation. 

MICROORGANISMS ACTIVE IN DEGRADATION AND STAINING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS... 

A prr rtion of the active compound is biodegraded in soil. This process is related to compound solubility and volatility, soil characteristics, humidity, capacity of absmption, pH, temperature, photo degradation, and photo decomposition. In addition to physical and chemical degradation, there is microorganism activity. The first stage in the metabolic degradation of carbamates in soil is the hydrolysis, followed by further metabolism in the soil-plant system. 

Terrazole has also an inhibiting effect on microorganisms active in the nitrification process (i.e., the conversion of ammonium salts to nitrates) in soil.486-"488 However, under field conditions, the inhibition of nitrification is of limited duration pasture yields, for example, are not increased.489 3-Trichloromethyl-l,2,4-thiadiazole-5-amines exhibit the same properties 490... 

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