In slurry form

Haas, D. B., Gillies, R., Small, M. and Husband, W. H. W. Saskatchewan Research Council publication No. E-835-1-C80 (March 1980). Study of the hydraulic properties of coarse particles of metallurgical coal when transported in slurry form through pipelines of various diameters. 

Since the reaction takes place in slurry form, the reactor volume may be regarded as constant, and equation 8.1.7 is appropriate for use. 

The detailed experimental set-up is shown in Figure 2. Simulated flue gas (92% nitrogen and 8% SO2) is passed through a sparger of sintered glass placed inside an absorption tank, where it comes into contact with the liquor from the crystallizer, liquor continuously recirculates from the crystallizer through the adsorption tank. lime is pumped in slurry form directly into the crystallizer. 

METLCAP is a chemical cement that encapsulates, stabilizes, and solidifies hazardous heavy metals in solid form, in slurry form, or in solution. The cement is composed of magnesium oxychloride, which forms when magnesium chloride and magnesium oxide, with water, are mixed together with the metals. The hardened cement product is insoluble and itself becomes a usable resource as cement or as fill material. The METLCAP technology is applicable as an in sitn or ex situ treatment or for high-pressure injection grouting and construction of slnrry walls. Currently, the process is patented and commercially available from Stark Encapsulation, Inc. 

Uses reagents that can be applied dry or in slurry form using conventional construction equipment or specialized in situ mixing equipment. 

Except for continuous weighing, control of the flow of solids is less precise than that of fluids. Several devices used for control of feed rates are shown schematically in Figure 3.7. They all employ variable speed drives and are individually calibrated to relate speed and flow rate. Ordinarily these devices are in effect manually set, but if the solid material is being fed to a reactor, some property of the mixture could be used for feed back control. The continuous belt weigher is capable ordinarily of 1% accuracy and even 0.1% when necessary. For processes such as neutralizations with lime, addition of the solid to process in slurry form is acceptable. The slurry is prepared as a batch of definite concentration and charged with a pump under flow control, often with a diaphragm pump whose stroke can be put under feedback control. For some applications it is adequate or necessary to feed weighed amounts of solids to a process on a timed basis. 

The commercial suppliers of ion exchangers provide detailed instructions for the preparation of the adsorbents. Failure to pretreat ion exchangers will greatly reduce the capacity and resolution of a column. Most new ion-exchange resins are commercially available in slurry form and are ready to use with a minimum number of pretreatment steps. 

IDA-agarose, prepacked in column or provided in slurry form... 

The methyl esters can be fed directly to a hydrogenation unit, or more often are distilled to separate unreacted triglycerides which are recycled. The distilled methyl esters are hydrogenated at approximately 300°C and 3000 psig with a copper chromite catalyst in slurry form through tubular reactors. Excess hydrogen is used for reduction as well as agitation of the slurried catalyst. 

Typically, the ammonium or hydronium form of the zeolite is slurried in water and reacted with the requisite amount of the ammonium fluoride salt of either iron or titanium. Given the sparingly soluble nature of ammonium fluotitanate, the (NH )2TiF6 can be added to the zeolite slurry in slurry form, or directly as salt. Alternatively, the iron may be added to the zeolite slurry as a slurry of the ammonium fluoride salt crystals in water, or the FeF3 crystals can be mixed with a water solution of ammonium fluoride or ammonium bifluoride, such that the composition of the treatment solution contains the stoichiometry of the ammonium iron fluoride salt, (NH4)3FeF6. The (NH )3FeF6 crystals can also be added directly to the zeolite slurry. The amount of either metal ammonium fluoride salt added during the reaction is determined by the desired product composition and the anticipated completeness of the reaction. 

Calcination. Phosphate rock normally is used as a dry rock or in slurry form. However, in some cases, particularly where the raw phosphate is high in carbonaceous matter or it is desirable to have a clean acid, the rock is calcined. Also, in a few cases, the phosphate rock is calcined, the product slaked, and free lime separated as a beneficiation step. Calcination is energy intensive and produces a less reactive rock and, in some cases, a less filterable gypsum. Therefore, the use of calcination is diminishing, and is being replaced by a wet oxidation step to produce green acid.16 In separating calcium carbonate, flotation, where it is successful, is favored over calcination because of its lower cost. 

In many particle size analysis procedures it is necessary to incorporate the powder into a liquid or the sample may be provided in slurry form. In the latter case it is necessary to know whether it is desirable to determine the size distribution as delivered or whether loosely bound floes need to be broken down. In many cases, drying a suspension and redispersing the powder will alter the resulting size distribution. 

The content of the reduction autoclaves is dischaiged into cone-bottomed flash tanks where separation of the powder from the spent liquor takes place. The nickel metal in slurry form is washed, dried, and packaged as powder or pressed into briquettes, sintered, and packaged ready for shipment. The spent liquor containing about 1 gm/liter Co and 1 gm/liter Ni is precipitated with HjS, filtered, and sent to the mixed sulfides stage for cobalt recovery. 

PAC can be fed in the dry state using volumetric or gravimetric feeders or can be fed in slurry form. There are at least three major PAC producers, over 50 manufacturers of volumetric and gravimetric feeders, and over 50 manufacturers of slurry feeders (24-26). There are also many manufacturers of sequencing batch reactors (SBR) (22), dissolved air flotation (DAF) clarifiers (30), and centrifuges. 

Body feed addition may be dry or in slurry form. Slurry concentrations can be as high as 18% but are best kept at 5-10% for lowest pump maintenance. Whatever system is used, it should have the following properties ... 

Agitate and add 15 lb of lead azide, preferably in slurry form. 

This correlation is for bubbles rising through the liquid phase because of the gravitational force. Mechanical stirring is absent. It is applicable for small (less than 2.5 mm diameter) rigid bubbles of the size likely to be encountered in slurry reactors. Equation (10-49) has been applied with apparent success to transport from bubbles to liquid in systems containing catalyst particles in slurry form. ... 

The method for solids transported in slurry form is called hydraulic transportation. Today there are long distance rubber lined pipelines carrying a variety of minerals such as coal, limestone, rock phosphate, copper concentrate, nickel refinery tailings, iron ore concentrates and tailings in various parts of the world. The most important slurry pipelines in operation around the world are given in Table 4.2. 

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