Solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes

Lowrie, F.L. and Rawlings, R.D., Room and high temperature failure mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes, Journal of European Ceramic Society 20, 2000, 751. 

Pornprasertsuk, R., Ramanarayanan, P., Musgrave, C.B., Prinz, F.B. Predicting ionic conductivity of solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte from first principles. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 98,103513. 

K. J., Diaz-Guillen, J.A., Lborra, E., Fuentes, A.F., Pennycook, S.J., Leon, C., Santarnaria, J. Tailoring disorder and dimensionality Strategies for improved solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. ChemPhysChem 2009,10,1003-11. 

Marrero-Lopez D, Martin-Sedeno M C, Pena-Martinez J, Morales J C, Nunez P, Aranda MAG and Ramos-Barradao J R (2010), Evaluation of apatite silicates as solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes , / Power Sources, 195,2496-2506. 

Bang S (2008) Ionic conductivity and phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia doped with monovrdent rmd pentava-lent cations for solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte applications. PhD Thesis. University of Crdifomia, Irvine, USA... 

Williams M, Yamaji K, Horita T, Sakai N, Yokokawa H (2009) Exergetic studies of intermediate-temperature, solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 156(4) B546-B551... 

Atkinson A (1997) Chemically-induced stresses in gadolinium-doped ceiia solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 95 249-258... 

Li, Y., Rui, Z., Xia, C., Anderson, M and Lin, Y.S. (2009) Performance of ionicconducting ceramic/carbonate composite material as solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte and CO2 permeation membrane. Catal. Today, 148, 303-309. 

Srivastava, P.K., Quach, T., Duan, Y.Y., Donelson, R., Jiang, S.P., Ciacchi, F.T. Badwal, S.P.S. (1997). Electrode supported solid oxide fuel cells Electrolyte films prepjared by DC magnetron sputtering. Solid State Ionics. Vol. 99, p>p. 311. 

R. Pornprasertsuk, J. Cheng, H. Huang, and F. B. Prinz, Solid State Ion., 178, 195 (2007). Electrochemical Impedance Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte Using Kinetic Monte Carlo Technique. 

J.O. Berghaus, J.G. Legoux et al.. Suspension HVOF spraying of reduced temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 17, 700-707 (2008)... 

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell In SOF(7s the electrolyte is a ceramic oxide ion conductor, such as vttriurn-doped zirconium oxide. The conduetKity of this material is 0.1 S/ern at 1273 K (1832°F) it decreases to 0.01 S/ern at 1073 K (1472°F), and by another order of magnitude at 773 K (932°F). Because the resistive losses need to be kept below about 50 rn, the operating temperature of the... 

Solid oxide fuel cells consist of solid electrolytes held between metallic or oxide elecU odes. The most successful fuel cell utilizing an oxide electrolyte to date employs Zr02 containing a few mole per cent of yttrium oxide, which operates in tire temperature range 1100-1300 K. Other electrolytes based... 

One leading prototype of a high-temperature fuel cell is the solid oxide fuel cell, or SOFC. The basic principle of the SOFC, like the PEM, is to use an electrolyte layer with high ionic conductivity but very small electronic conductivity. Figure B shows a schematic illustration of a SOFC fuel cell using carbon monoxide as fuel. 

The tape-casting method makes possible the fabrication of films in the region of several hundred micrometers thick. The mechanical strength allows the use of such a solid electrolyte as the structural element for devices such as the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell in which zirconia-based solid electrolytes are employed both as electrolyte and as mechanical separator of the electrodes. 

Today, the term solid electrolyte or fast ionic conductor or, sometimes, superionic conductor is used to describe solid materials whose conductivity is wholly due to ionic displacement. Mixed conductors exhibit both ionic and electronic conductivity. Solid electrolytes range from hard, refractory materials, such as 8 mol% Y2C>3-stabilized Zr02(YSZ) or sodium fT-AbCb (NaAluOn), to soft proton-exchange polymeric membranes such as Du Pont s Nafion and include compounds that are stoichiometric (Agl), non-stoichiometric (sodium J3"-A12C>3) or doped (YSZ). The preparation, properties, and some applications of solid electrolytes have been discussed in a number of books2 5 and reviews.6,7 The main commercial application of solid electrolytes is in gas sensors.8,9 Another emerging application is in solid oxide fuel cells.4,5,1, n... 

The oxidative coupling of CH4 (OCM) in solid oxide fuel cells has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of the strong interest in the production of C2 hydrocarbons from natural gas. Work in this area utilizing solid electrolytes prior to 1999 has been reviewed.53... 

This presentation reports some studies on the materials and catalysis for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in the author s laboratory and tries to offer some thoughts on related problems. The basic materials of SOFC are cathode, electrolyte, and anode materials, which are composed to form the membrane-electrode assembly, which then forms the unit cell for test. The cathode material is most important in the sense that most polarization is within the cathode layer. The electrolyte membrane should be as thin as possible and also posses as high an oxygen-ion conductivity as possible. The anode material should be able to deal with the carbon deposition problem especially when methane is used as the fuel. 

The principle of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Grove in 1839 [W. R. Grove, Phil. Mag. 14 (1839) 137]. Today, different schemes exist for utilizing hydrogen in electrochemical cells. We explain the two most important, namely the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). 

High-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The working electrolyte is a solid electrolyte based on zirconium dioxide doped with oxides of yttrium and other metals the working temperatures are 800 to 1000°C. Experimental plants with a power of up to lOOkW have been built with such systems in the United States and Japan. 

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