High-temperature solid-oxide fuel

The tape-casting method makes possible the fabrication of films in the region of several hundred micrometers thick. The mechanical strength allows the use of such a solid electrolyte as the structural element for devices such as the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell in which zirconia-based solid electrolytes are employed both as electrolyte and as mechanical separator of the electrodes. 

High-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The working electrolyte is a solid electrolyte based on zirconium dioxide doped with oxides of yttrium and other metals the working temperatures are 800 to 1000°C. Experimental plants with a power of up to lOOkW have been built with such systems in the United States and Japan. 

Singh, P., Ruka, R.J., and George, R.A Direct utilization of hydrocarbon fuels in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells, In Proc 24 1 intersociety energy conversion engineering conference. Pub. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1989, pp 1553 1563. 

S. C. Singhal and K. Kendall, High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Fundamentals, Design, and Application, 2003 Elsevier, ISBN 1856173879. 

Feduska W and Isenberg AO. High temperature solid oxide fuel cell—technical results. J Power Sources 1983 10 89-102. 

Mori M, Yamamoto T, Itoh H, and Watanabe T. Compatibility of alkaline earth metal (Mg,Ca,Sr)-doped lanthanum chromites as separators in planar-type high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. J. Mater. Sci. 1997 32 2423-2431. 

High temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have become of great interest as a potentially economical, clean and efficient means of producing electricity in a variety of commercial and industrial applications (Singhal, 1991). A SOFC is based upon the ability of oxide ions to be conducted through a solid at elevated temperatures. Oxide ion conductivity was observed in Zr02 9 mol% YjOj by Nernst as early as 1899. In 1937, Bauer... 

Khaleel, M. A. Selman, J. R. In High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells-Fundamentals, Design and Applications-, Singhal, S. C., Kendall, K., Eds. Elsevier Ltd. Oxford, U.K., 2003 p 293. 

H.U. Anderson, R. Murphy, A.K. Fox, B. Rossing, A. Aldred, in Proceedings of the Workshop on High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, H. S. Isaacs, S. Srinivasan, I. L. Harry. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Associated Universities, Inc., Upton, New York, pp. 41-53 (1977). 

Singhal S.C., Kendall K. (2004) High-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Design and Applications, Elsevier, Oxford. 

Satisfactory conductivity is maintained up to 1800 °C in air but falls off at low oxygen pressures so that the upper temperature limit is reduced to 1400 °C when the pressure is reduced to 0.1 Pa. A further limitation arises from the volatility of Cr2C>3 which may contaminate the furnace charge. The combination of high melting point, high electronic conductivity and resistance to corrosion has led to the adoption of lanthanum chromite for the interconnect in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (see Section 4.5.3). 

The difficulties in the development of HTSO fuel cells are in the area of stability of materials rather than in catalysis. Different materials, some of them ionic conductors with no electronic conductivity and others electronic conductors with no ionic conductivity, must be compatible with each other chemically at a high temperature and mechanically during temperature cycling. Improvements in materials are steadily made, but the more sophisticated materials developed for this purpose tend to increase the cost. Once the materials problems have been overcome, the inherent simplicity of the design and operation of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells may make them the most useful... 

High temperature solid oxide fuel cell, 481... 

J.W. Patterson, "Extended Abstracts, ERDA Workshop on High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells", H. Isaacs (editor), Brookhaven National Laboratory, (May 1977)... 

High-Temperature Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)... 

T. Ishihara and N. M. S. abd O. Yamamoto. High temperature solid oxide fuel cells fundamentals, design and applications. Elsvier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2003. 

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