Solid oxide fuel cells components

Basu RN, Tietz F, Wessel E, and Stover D. Interface reactions during co-firing of solid oxide fuel cell components. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2004 147 85-89. 

S. P. S. Badwal, Stability of solid oxide fuel cell components , Solid State Ionics 143, 39 16 (2001). 

Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 G. Kaur, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Components,... 

These effects can all be enhanced if the point defects interact to form defect clusters or similar structures, as in Fej xO above or U02, (Section 4.4). Such clusters can suppress phase changes at low temperatures. Under circumstances in which the clusters dissociate, such as those found in solid oxide fuel cells, the volume change can be considerable, leading to failure of the component. 

There has been considerable interest in Ce02 as a component of solid oxide fuel cells, especially as an anode material, and also for use in oxygen separation membranes. The material shows a wide nonstoichiometry range, with oxygen vacancies as the... 

Tietz F, Buchkremer H-P, and Stover D. Components manufacturing for solid oxide fuel cells. Solid State Ionics 2002 152-153 373-381. 

Tietz F, Dias FJ, Simwonis D, and Stover D. Evaluation of commercial nickel oxide powders for components in solid oxide fuel cells. J Eur Ceram Soc 2000 20 1023-1034. 

Ouweltjes JP, van Berkel FPF, Nammensma P, and Christie GM. Development of 2nd generation, supported electrolyte, flat plate SOFC components at ECN. In Singhal SC, Dokiya M, editors. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-VI). Pennington, NJ The Electrochemical Society, 1999 99(19) 803-811. 

Similarly, in the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), it is well recognized that the microstructures of the component layers of the fuel cells have a tremendous influence on the properties of the components and on the performance of the fuel cells, beyond the influence of the component material compositions alone. For example, large electrochemically active surface areas are required to obtain a high performance from fuel cell electrodes, while a dense, defect-free electrolyte layer is needed to achieve high efficiency of fuel utilization and to prevent crossover and combustion of fuel. 

ITSOFC The intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell combines the best available attributes of fuel cell technology development with intermediate temperature (600-800°C) operation. Ceramic components are used for electrodes and electrolytes carbon does not... 

Table 8-1 Evolution of Cell Component Technology for Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells...

Siemens-Westinghouse Power Corporation, of Pittsburgh, PA, with a subcontract to Allison Engine Company, evaluated a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell coupled with conventional gas turbine technology without a steam plant. The system was operated at a pressure of 7 atm. The fuel cell generated 16 MW of power and the gas turbine generated 4 MW of power. The process showed 67 % efficiency as developed. An efficiency of 70 % is deemed achievable with improvement in component design. The COE is predicted to be comparable to present day alternatives. NOx levels were less than 1 ppm. 

Koyama, M., Komiyama, H., Tanaka, K., Yamada, K., Evaluation of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and gas turbine combined cycle with different cell component materials, in Proceedings 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Tsukuba, Japan, H. Yokogawa, S.C. Sing-hal (Eds.), Proceedings Volume 2001-16, The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 2001, pp. 234-243. 

Chan S.H., Khor K.A., Xia Z.T., 2001. A complete polarization model of a solid oxide fuel cell and its sensitivity to the change of cell components thickness. Journal of Power Sources 93, 130-140. 

One-dimensional models of a solid oxide fuel cell (see Chapter 9) and a methane-steam reformer [19, 20] were incorporated into the ProTRAX programming environment for transient studies. Lumped parameter ProTRAX sub-models were used for the remaining system components (heat exchangers, turbomachinery, valves, etc ). A schematic of the model is provided for reference in Figure 8.21. 

Benhaddad S., Protkova I. (2005) Failure analysis as an essential component of an SOFC development program. In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IX (SOFC-IX), Electrochemical Society Proceedings, Quebec PQ, 15-20 May, Vol. 1, Cells, Stacks, and Systems, S.C. Singhal and J. Mizusaki (Eds.), The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, pp. 923-930. 

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are composed of ceramic components and the mechanical reliability of these components is a significant issue in the development of SOFCs. In particular, the durability of the components against stresses during operation is a serious problem. To evaluate the mechanical reliability of SOFCs, the magnitude of the stresses in cell components and the strength of the components against the stresses must be considered precisely. Stresses in SOFCs are categorized into fom types. 

Ouweltjes, J.R, van Berkel, F.P.F., Nammensma, P. and Chrisite, G.M., Development of 2nd generation, supported electrolyte, flat plate SOFC components as ECN, in Proceedings of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells VI, S.C. Singhal and M. Dokiya (Eds.), 1999, p. 803. 

The redox properties of ceria-zirconia mixed oxides are interesting, because these materials find applications as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells, supports for catalysts for H2 production, and components in three-way automobile exhaust conversion catalysts. The group of Kaspar and Fornasiero (Montini et al., 2004, 2005) used TPR/TPO-Raman spectroscopy to identify the structural features of more easily reducible zirconia-ceria oxides and the best method for their preparation by suitable treatments. TPR/TPO experiments and Raman spectra recorded during redox cycles demonstrated that a pyrochlore-type cation ordering in Ce2Zr2Og facilitates low temperature reduction. 

In recent decades, research has intensified to develop commercially viable fuel cells as a cleaner, more efficient source of energy, due to the global shortage of fossil fuels. The challenge is to achieve a cell lifetime suitable for transportation and stationary applications. Among the possible fuel cell types, it is generally believed that PEM fuel cells hold the most promise for these uses [10, 11], In order to improve fuel cell performance and lifetime, a suitable technique is needed to examine PEM fuel cell operation. EIS has also proven to be a powerful technique for studying the fundamental components and processes in fuel cells [12], and is now widely applied to the study of PEM fuel cells as well as direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs), and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). 

---