Sodium sulfosuccinate

See also Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.) [PHTHALIC ACID AND OTTiERBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Vol 18) Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate... 

Dimethyl sulfoxide 1 -Dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine Pyrantel pamoate 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid Diatrizoate sodium Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate Docusate calcium... 

In 1963, a detailed report on the various technical aspects of sodium sulfosuccinate monoesters was given [11] physical properties, stability, surface tension, and detergency. Mildness to skin and eyes are documented for the first time in this paper. 

Table 5 summarizes all possible products in a sodium sulfosuccinate monoester based on a fatty alcohol ethoxylate. Apart from the desired main product the substances listed are also present in the raw material. 

A sodium sulfosuccinate monoester based on ethoxylated fatty alcohol will contain the substances shown in Table 6. The most important dialkyl sulfosuccinate is a dioctyl sulfosuccinate. Typical analytical data are given in Table 7. Typical analytical data for a sulfosuccinamate with a structure as shown previously, are given in Table 8. 

One of the most important sulfosuccinates of the diester type is diisooctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS). It has found a widespread use in pharmaceutics, industry, and as auxiliary for plastic packagings, etc., in contact with foods as well as in some foodstuffs. 

In two studies the cleansing and irritancy behavior of surfactants [106,107] were examined. An automated skin brushing method using a specific test soil and an epicutaneous irritation test on the dorsum of volunteers were applied. A sodium sulfosuccinate monoester based on a fatty alcohol ethoxylate gave very favorable results with respect to skin mildness although this concurred with low detergency. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate (diisoocytyl sulfosuc-cinate. Aerosol OT, AOT) was obtained from Aldrich and purified by... 

Dispersant compositions for the treatment of oil spills at the surface of the water consist of a mixture of water, a hydrocarbon solvent, and a mixture of surfactants consisting of 55% to 65% by weight of emulsifiers and 35% to 45% by weight of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The emulsifying agents consist of a mixture of various sorbitan oleates [351-354]. 

COP = coprecipitation SC = sonochemical Ac = acetate acac = acetylacetonate AOT = bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate BA = benzyl alcohol ... 

The answer is c. (Hardman, p 924.) Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (docusate) is a detergent that, when given orally, softens the stool and prevents straining. Mineral oil also softens the stool, but it tends to inhibit the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and other nutrients. Castor oil, phenol-phthalein, and cascara sagrada are strong laxatives and cause watery stools... 

Dihydroergotoxine methane sulfonate, 7,81 Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, 2,199 Diperodon,6,99... 

DOCUSATE SODIUM (Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate DSS) Give in milk, fruit juice, or infant formula to mask taste. In enemas, add 50 to 100 mg (5 to 10 mL liquid) to a retention or flushing enema. 

RME shows particular promise in the recovery of proteins/enzymes [12-14]. In the past two decades, the potential of RME in the separation of biological macromolecules has been demonstrated [15-20]. RMs have also been used as media for hosting enzymatic reactions [21-23]. Martinek et al. [24] were the first to demonstrate the catalytic activity of a-chymotrypsin in RMs of bis (2-ethyl-hexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-OT or AOT) in octane. Since then, many enzymes have been solubilized and studied for their activity in RMs. Other important applications of RME include tertiary oil recovery [25], extraction of metals from raw ores [26], and in drug delivery [27]. Application of RMs/mi-croemulsions/surfactant emulsions were recognized as a simple and highly effective method for enzyme immobilization for carrying out several enzymatic transformations [28-31]. Recently, Scheper and coworkers have provided a detailed account on the emulsion immobiUzed enzymes in an exhaustive review [32]. 

Micellar and pre-micellar solutions of methanol in triolein were studied with three different surfactant systems using 2-octanol as a co-surfactant. Surfactants evaluated by viscosity, conductivity, density, refractive index and particle size data along with polarizing microscopic examinations were bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate, triethylammonium linoleate and tetradecyldimethylammonium linoleate. Data show phase equilibria regions of liquid crystalline phases as well as micellar solutions. All systems were effective for solubilizing methanol in triolein. The order of effectiveness for water tolerance is Tetradecyldimethylammonium linoleate>... 

Karl Fisher titrations for H2O on both alcohols prior to usage gave values of <0.01% H2O. Bis (2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate was purum grade obtained from Fluka and received no further... 

The bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate system was initially investigated because its structure of liquid crystalline solution phases and mechanism of solubilization with water had been reported by Rogers and Winsor (10). In our studies, we substituted methanol for water. Table I lists critical micelle concentrations for bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate, triethylammonium linoleate and tetradecyldimethylammonium linoleate in methanol and 2-octanol at 25°C. Literature references for critical micelle concentrations in methanol are sparse, and it has even been suggested that in polar solvents such as ethanol, either micellization does not occur or, if it does, only to a small degree (4). The data of Table I show that micellization occurs in methanol at low concentrations. 

Comparison of dipole moments shows only small differences in polarity. From these data, it can be reasoned that micellization in methanol is feasible. Dielectric constants and effective polarities (dipole moment/molar volume) support this premise with more divergent values. It is noted that bis(2-ethyIhexyI) sodium sulfosuccinate forms micelles readily in water and 2-octanol which have the highest and lowest dielectric constants, respectively, but micelles are formed only at low concentrations in methanol whose dielectric constant is intermediate in value. 

Figure 1 is a plot of kinematic viscosity, at 25°C, for varying molar ratios of methanol to bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate. Three distinct regions are observed, and each is denoted by dotted vertical lines and designated as either bound methanol, trapped methanol, or apparently free methanol. Eicke... 

Figure 6 is a plot of specific conductance against mole ratios of methanol to bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate. Like the viscosity data, there are three regions. In the first region, a rapid rise in conductance occurs, which indicates the formation of a microemulsion. It is in this region that the swollen micellar solution and liquid crystalline phase of methanol in bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate is breaking with the formation of microspheres that constitute the microemulsion (13). 

Figure 1. Plot of kinematic viscosity against amount of solubilized methanol in bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate at 298°K.

Photomicrograph at 298°K of 5/1 molar ratio CH OH/ bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate magnifications... 

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