Soluble sodium silicate

Synonyms Disodium metasilicate Disodium monosilicate Silicic acid, disodium salt Sodium metasilicate anhydrous Sodium silicate Soluble glass Water glass... 

Sodium vinyl sulfonate polymerized. See Polysodium vinyl sulfonate Solanum tuberosum. See Potato (Solanum tuberosum) starch Soluble glass. See Sodium metasilicate Sodium silicate Soluble guncotton. See Nitrocellulose Solum diatomeae. See Diatomaceous earth... 

The alkali silicates are soluble in water and are used industrially. See sodium silicates. 

As of the mid-1990s, soluble sihcates are used primarily as sources of reactive siUca (57%), in detergency (qv) (23%), in pulp (qv) and paper (qv) production (7%), for adhesives and binders (5%), and in other appHcations (8%). The stmcture and chemistry of solutions containing polymeric siHcate species have been characterized using modem analytical techniques. This improved understanding of siHcate speciation contributes to the development of new markets. Thus, the sodium silicates constitute a versatile, stable, and growing commodity and are ranked among the top 50 commodity chemicals. 

Sulphates, silicates, carbonates, colloids and certain organic compounds act as inhibitors if evenly distributed, and sodium silicate has been used as such in certain media. Nitrates tend to promote corrosion, especially in acid soil waters, due to cathodic de-polarisation and to the formation of soluble nitrates. Alkaline soils can cause serious corrosion with the formation of alkali plumbites which decompose to give (red) lead monoxide. Organic acids and carbon dioxide from rotting vegetable matter or manure also have a strong corrosive action. This is probably the explanation of phenol corrosion , which is not caused by phenol, but thought to be caused by decomposition of jute or hessian in applied protective layers. ... 

You can find sodium silicate in the colorful Magic Rocks seen in gift shops at museums. The dry form is mixed with salts of various metals. When you drop them in water, the sodium is replaced by the metal. The resulting metallic silicate is not soluble in water, and it takes on a color characteristic of the metal (e.g., copper is blue). The metallic silicate is also a gel, so it expands and grows into colorful stalagmites in the water. 

In regenerating agents for waste oils from washing of mechanical parts, based on sodium silicate and water, salts of alkylphosphates are used as surfactants on account of their good solubility [232]. 

Silicagel. Silicagel is usually prepared from sodium silicates, which are produced as glasses with a stoichiometry of Si02/Na20 = 0.6-0.25. At the right pH they arc soluble in water and the solution contains mixtures of silicate anions monomeric, dimeric, trimeric species, etc. (Fig. 3.13). 

With chemical treatment, the natural surfactants in crude oil can be activated [1384]. This method has been shown to be effective for highly viscous crude oil from the Orinoco Belt that has been traditionally transported either by heating or diluting. The precursors to the surfactants are preferably the carboxylic acids that occur in the crude oil. The activation occurs by adding an aqueous buffer solution [1382,1383]. The buffer additive is either sodium hydroxide in combination with sodium bicarbonate or sodium silicate. Water-soluble amines also have been found to be suitable [1506]. 

About one decade ago Bass et al. [13,14] proposed first that such approach could help in exploring the structure of water dissolved silicates. Following this initiative, recently we critically evaluated how the published FTIR and Raman assignments could be adopted for differentiating between the molecular structures of some commercially available sodium silicate solutions [7-9,15], In this paper we present comparative structural studies on aqueous lithium and potassium silicate solutions as well. According to some NMR studies, the nature of A+ alkaline ion and the A+/Si ratio barely affects the structural composition of dissolved silicate molecules [5], In contrast, various empirical observations like the tendency of K-silicate solutions to be less tacky and more viscous than their Na-silicate counterparts, the low solubility of silica films obtained from Li-silicate solutions compared to those made from other alkaline silicate solutions, or the dependence of some zeolite structures on the nature of A+ ions in the synthesis mixture hint on likely structural differences [16,17]. It will be shown that vibrational spectroscopy can indeed detect such differences. 

The category of builders consists predominantly of several types of materials -specific precipitating alkaline materials such as sodium carbonate and sodium silicate complexing agents like sodium triphosphate or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ion exchangers, such as water-soluble polycarboxylic acids and zeolites (e.g., zeolite A). 

The product of the fusion of silica with sodium carbonate, sodium silicate (strictly called sodium poly trioxosilicate but usually metasilicate), dissolves in water to give a clear, viscous solution known as waterglass . It hydrolyses slowly and silica is precipitated. Besides the metasilicate, other silicates of sodium are known, e.g. the poly-tetroxosilicate (orthosilicate), Na4Si04. Only the silicates of the alkali metals are soluble in water. Other silicates, many of which occur naturally, are insoluble, and in these substances the polysilicate anions can have highly complicated structures, all of which are constructed from a unit of one silicon and four oxygen atoms arranged tetrahedrally (cf. the structure of silica). Some of these contain aluminium (the aluminatesilicates) and some have import ant properties and uses. 

Sodium silicate is water soluble (forming water glass), but silicones are water repellents. Explain the difference. 

The first two components are the active surfactants, whereas the other components are added for a variety of reasons. The polyphosphate chelate Ca ions which are present (with Mg ions also) in so-called hard waters and prevents them from coagulating the anionic surfactants. Zeolite powders are often used to replace phosphate because of their nutrient properties in river systems. Sodium silicate is added as a corrosion inhibitor for washing machines and also increases the pH. The pH is maintained at about 10 by the sodium carbonate. At lower pH values the acid form of the surfactants are produced and in most cases these are either insoluble or much less soluble than the sodium salt. Sodium sulphate is added to prevent caking and ensures free-flowing powder. The cellulose acts as a protective hydrophilic sheath around dispersed dirt particles and prevents re-deposition on the fabric. Foam stabilizers (non-ionic surfactants) are sometimes added to give a... 

Crystalline Silica. Quartz sand is of course the principal raw material for the production of glass (qv). Cristobalite and 3-quartz are used in glass ceramics (qv), ie, ceramics produced by the controlled crystallization of glass. Silica is a main constituent of ceramics (qv). For example, refractory silica brick containing small amounts of A O is used as roof brick for open-hearth furnaces at temperatures >1600° C (see Refractories). Silica sand or flour (ground quartz) is the raw material for soluble silicates, such as sodium silicate, which is consistently ranked as one of the top 50 U.S. industrial chemicals (98) (see Silicon compounds, synthetic inorganic silicates). 

Patented proposals have been made to heat sodium chloride with phosphoric acid (A. Delhaye) zinc or lead pyrophosphate (L. J. F. Margueritte) or ferric phosphate (A. R. Arrott). The resulting soluble sodium phosphate is decomposed by boiling with lime to form sodium hydroxide, which, if needed, can be converted into carbonate by a current of carbon dioxide. These methods are quite impracticable. In 1809, J. L. Gay Lussac and L. J. Thenard proposed to make soda by the action of steam on a mixture of sodium chloride and silica If these two compounds are melted together there is very little action, for the salt volatilizes before anything but a superficial combination takes place, and the action of salt in the glazing of pottery is probably made possible by the aq. vapour in the furnace gases. The sodium silicate formed by the joint action of sodium and... 

Alkalinity Boosters. It has long been known that many soils are sensitive to high pH. Fairly high levels of sodium carbonate, soluble silicates (ratio 1.6 to 3.2 SiOi to Na-O) and sodium mctasilicaic (NaiSiOrf are used lo supply alkalinity for improved cleaning performance. 

Silicate. Potassium silicate, K2Si03, colorless (when pure) glass, soluble, mp 976°C, formed by reaction of silicon oxide and potassium carbonate at high temperature, similar in properties and uses to the more common sodium silicate. 

SILICATES (Soluble). The most common and commercially used soluble silicates are those of sodium and potassium. Soluble silicates are systems containing varying proportions of an alkali metal or quaternary ammonium ion and silica. The soluble silicates can be produced over a wide range of stoichiometric and nonstoicluometric composition and are distinguished by the ratio of silica to alkali. This ratio is generally expressed as the weight percent ratio of silica to alkali-metal oxide (SiOj/MjO). Particularly with lithium and quaternary ammonium silicates, the molar ratio is used. 

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