Sodium phosphate solubility

The methyl ethyl ketazine forms an immiscible upper organic layer easily removed by decantation. The lower, aqueous phase, containing acetamide and sodium phosphate, is concentrated to remove water formed in the reaction and is then recycled to the reactor after a purge of water-soluble impurities. Organic by-products are separated from the ketazine layer by distillation. The purified ketazine is then hydrolyzed under pressure (0.2—1.5 MPa (2—15 atm)) to give aqueous hydrazine and methyl ethyl ketone overhead, which is recycled (122). The aqueous hydrazine is concentrated in a final distillation column. 

The solubihty of a number of sodium orthophosphates is depicted in Figure 7. Some of the sodium phosphates dissolve or precipitate incongmendy, affording a different Na20/P20 ratio in the solution phase from that of the soHd phase. Sodium phosphates that precipitate are also a function of the temperature. As the temperature increases, the sodium phosphates that may precipitate from solution tend to be anhydrous or lower hydrates than those equiUbrium sodium phosphate phases at lower temperature. Whereas most of the phases in Figure 7 represent congmentiy soluble sodium phosphates, soHd phases appear or disappear upon changes in temperature. 

Calcium Phosphates. The alkaline-earth phosphates are generally much less soluble than those of the alkaH metals. Calcium phosphates include the most abundant natural form of phosphoms, ie, apatites, Ca2Q(P0 3X2, where X = OH, F, Cl, etc. Apatite ores are the predominant basic raw material for the production of phosphoms and its derivatives. Calcium phosphates are the main component of bones and teeth. After sodium phosphates, the calcium salts are the next largest volume technical- and food-grade phosphates. Many commercial appHcations of the calcium phosphates depend on thek low solubiHties. 

Dissolve the protein to be modified at a concentration of 1-10 mg/ml in 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4. NaCl may be added to this buffer if desired. For the modification of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH Thermo Fisher) as described by Staros et al., 1986, include 0.9 M NaCl to maintain the solubility of this high-molecular-weight protein. If lower or higher concentrations of the protein are used, adjust the amounts of the other reactants as necessary to maintain the correct molar ratios. 

Dissolve the carrier protein in 0.1M MES, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 4.7, at a concentration of lOmg/ml. If using native, multi-subunit KLH, increase the NaCl concentration of all buffers to 0.9 M (yes, 0.9 M, not 0.9 percent) to maintain solubility of the protein. If using KLH subunits, the high-salt concentration is not necessary. For neutral pH conjugations, substitute 0.1 M sodium phosphate, 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2, for the MES buffer. 

A solution containing 23 per cent by mass of sodium phosphate is cooled from 313 to 298 K in a Swenson-Walker crystalliser to form crystals of Na3P04.12H20. The solubility of Na3P04 at 298 K is 15.5 kg/100 kg water, and the required product rate of crystals is 0.063 kg/s. The mean heat capacity of the solution is 3.2 kJ/kg deg K and the heat of crystallisation is 146.5 kJ/kg. If cooling water enters and leaves at 288 and 293 K, respectively, and the overall coefficient of heat transfer is 140 W/m2 deg K, what length of crystalliser is required ... 

Proteins crystallized from very low salt concentrations (examples are carboxypeptidase A and elastase) can often be treated exacdy like proteins crystallized from alcohol-water mixtures. Their low solubility in water allows them to be transferred from their normal mother liquor to a distilled water solution or to a solution of low (10-20%) alcohol concentration without disorder. It is advisable to carry out this transfer at near 0 C to further decrease the protein solubility. From this stage it is trivial to add alcohol while cooling, as described above. Complications arise, however, when the salt employed as a precipitant in the native mother liquor is insoluble in alcohols. The solution to this problem is to replace the salt by ammonium acetate at equivalent or higher ionic strength. Ammonium acetate is soluble up to 1 M in pure methanol, and is very soluble in nearly all alcohol-water mixtures, even at low temperature. It therefore provides a convenient substitute for salts such as sodium sulfate or sodium phosphate. 

Polymerizations Where possible, polymers and copolymers were prepared in normal saline buffered with 10 mM sodium phosphate (PBS), pH 7.4, by room temperature initiation of 1% monomer solutions using 40 mM TEMED (HCl) and 5 mM ammonium persulfate. However, due to poor solubility, 0.2% solutions of NTBAAM and proporationately lower initiator concentrations were used. 

An aqueous biphasic system consisting of two immiscible liquid phases (i.e., two separate distinct layers) can be used to separate a particular component such as certain heavy metals from contaminated soil. A combination of phases such as a water-soluble polymer (e.g., polyethylene glycol) phase and a concentrated aqueous salt solution (e.g., sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, or sodium phosphate) phase can comprise a biphasic system. Aqueous biphasic systems are... 

Patented proposals have been made to heat sodium chloride with phosphoric acid (A. Delhaye) zinc or lead pyrophosphate (L. J. F. Margueritte) or ferric phosphate (A. R. Arrott). The resulting soluble sodium phosphate is decomposed by boiling with lime to form sodium hydroxide, which, if needed, can be converted into carbonate by a current of carbon dioxide. These methods are quite impracticable. In 1809, J. L. Gay Lussac and L. J. Thenard proposed to make soda by the action of steam on a mixture of sodium chloride and silica If these two compounds are melted together there is very little action, for the salt volatilizes before anything but a superficial combination takes place, and the action of salt in the glazing of pottery is probably made possible by the aq. vapour in the furnace gases. The sodium silicate formed by the joint action of sodium and... 

A. Baudrimont and J. Pelouze (1833) fused the sodium sulphate with galena or zinc blende and formed the alkali plumbate or zincate, and J. B. M. P. Closson boiled a soln. of sodium sulphate with milk of lime and lead oxide. The plumbate can be decomposed by sulphide, carbon dioxide, or by electrolysis. The St. Gobain Co. patented a process in which sand, coal, and sodium sulphate are heated together water-glass is formed and a soln. or suspension of that salt in water is decomposed by carbon dioxide or by milk of lime. J. Simpson (1890), J. C. Ody (1892), N. Basset and W. von Baranofi (1894) decomposed a soln. of sodium sulphate by calcium phosphate in dil. acid. The soluble sodium phosphate which is formed... 

Agglomeration may be accomplished in several ways, such as by controlled adjustment of solids, by extensive shear of the emulsion, or by carefully controlled addition of electrolytes, such as water-soluble salts of inorganic acids, e.g., sodium chloride, potassium hypo-phosphite, potassium chloride, or sodium phosphate. Improved processes rely on the method of addition of the monomers in the distinct stages of polymerization (9). 

Phosphate. Lead phosphate. CAS 7446-27-7. PbitPOj) . white precipitate. by reaction of soluble lead salt solution and sodium phosphate solution. 

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate. MgNH(POr. white precipitate. K,t, 2.5 x 0 1 -. by reaction of soluble salt solution and sodium phosphate in the presence of excess ammonium hydroxide, upon igniting yields magnesium pyrophosphate. MgyPsOz. while solid. 

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