Sodium hydroxide, solution preparation 1 molar

Place 0 5 ml. of acetone, 20 ml. of 10% aqueous potassium iodide solution and 8 ml. of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in a 50 ml. conical flask, and then add 20 ml. of a freshly prepared molar solution of sodium hypochlorite. Well mix the contents of the flask, when the yellow iodoform will begin to separate almost immediately allow the mixture to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then filter at the pump, wash with cold w ater, and drain thoroughly. Yield of Crude material, 1 4 g. Recrystallise the crude iodoform from methylated spirit. For this purpose, place the crude material in a 50 ml. round-bottomed flask fitted with a reflux water-condenser, add a small quantity of methylated spirit, and heat to boiling on a water-bath then add more methylated spirit cautiously down the condenser until all the iodoform has dissolved. Filter the hot solution through a fluted filter-paper directly into a small beaker or conical flask, and then cool in ice-water. The iodoform rapidly crystallises. Filter at the pump, drain thoroughly and dry. 

Sodium phenolate may be prepared in situ by evaporating molar equivalents of phenol and sodium hydroxide solution in the reaction flask on the steam bath under reduced pressure and drying the residue by heating the flask for several hours longer on the steam bath under reduced pressure. The solid cake of dry sodium phenolate breaks up in the succeeding step of the synthesis. 

During the performance of a CIEF analysis, the capillary is first filled with the sample and ampholyte mixture. The focusing step begins with the immersion of the capillary in the anolyte (dilute phosphoric acid) and catholyte (dilute sodium hydroxide) solutions followed by application of high voltage. Typically, the catholyte solution is 20 to 40 mM NaOH, and the anolyte is half the catholyte molarity, e.g., 10 to 20 mM phosphoric acid. It is important that the catholyte be prepared fresh because sodium hydroxide solutions will gradually take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 

Triiron tetroxide is obtained from its natural mineral magnetite. In the laboratory the compound may be prepared by adding sodium hydroxide solution to an aqueous solution of 1 2 molar mixture of ferrous and ferric salt. (i.e., 1 mol FeCL + 2 mol FeCls). The resulting black precipitate of the hydroxide on heating dehydrates to gives triiron tetroxide ... 

The undoped catalyst was prepared from the monophasic crystallized Ni Alj alloy (ref. 7). The molybdenum and chromium promoted catalysts were prepared from alloys with the composition N -x x where M = Mo (0.05 x 0.4) and M = Or (x - 0.07 or 0.11) (ref. 8). The catalysts were then prepared as described previously (ref. 9), by leaching the crushed alloys in a 6N sodium hydroxide solution at boiling temperature. The catalysts were kept under a molar solution of NaOH. 

Preparation of Reaction Solutions. In general, the reaction solutions of the aromatic alcohols (syringyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, and a-methylvanillyl alcohol and their ethers were prepared by adding aromatic alcohol or ether (usually 2.5 X 10-4 mole) to the solvent (water or ethanol) in a 10-ml. volumetric flask. After the model compound was dissolved, the calculated amount of a sodium hydroxide solution was added to make the reaction solution 1 1 molar (model compound to alkali). The solution was then made up to the 10 ml. mark by adding solvent. These solutions were allowed to react at room temperature for given periods. 

It can be prepared from succinimide by dissolving the latter in a slight molar excess of chilled sodium hydroxide solution (of approximately 3 m strength) and adding rapidly with vigorous stirring one molar proportion of bromine dissolved in an equal volume of carbon tetrachloride (CAUTION). A finely crystalline white product is obtained which may be collected, washed with ice-cold water, dried and used directly or recrystallised as detailed above. 

The amidinoamide (1 g, 2.86 mmol) is heated (12h) in a Dean-Stark apparatus with p-toluenesulfonic acid (2.5 molar equivalents) in toluene. The solution is then cooled to room temperature, washed with 1M sodium hydroxide solution, then concentrated in vacuo before chromatographic purification (10% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give white crystals (97%) m.p. 119-120°C. Similarly prepared are other (10) (R, R, R, yield given) Me, Ph, Me, 90% Me, Ph, Ph, 96% Me, Me, Me, 90% Me, Et, H, 42%. 

A specific description of a preferred practice of the invention with vanillin as the aromatic compound is as follows. Vanillin is dissolved in water with one molar equivalent of sodium hydroxide while the solution is warmed to 50°-100° C. One molar equivalent of iodine and two molar equivalents of sodium iodide are added to water to prepare one molar equivalent of NalS.Nal. This sodium triiodide solution is added to the sodium vanillate solution along with a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid--preferably from 5 to 10 mole %. The mixture is stirred about one hour at a temperature of 50°-100° C., then sodium hydroxide is added to make the solution alkaline (from 1 to 5N). The copper catalyst is then added and the mixture heated at reflux until the iodovanillin is consumed, about 12 hours. The excess hydroxide is then neutralized and the 5-hydroxyvanillin extracted with a water-immiscihle organic solvent. The aqueous phase bearing the sodium iodide is then subjected to oxidizing conditions and the resultant iodine precipitates from solution. The solid element is filtered out, and a sodium triiodide solution prepared by reducing a portion of the iodine to sodium iodide and dissolving the iodine in the iodide to make the sodium triiodide solution. 

Three different sodium hydroxide solutions are prepared. Let their volumes be Vj, V2, and V3. The relationship between their mole versus molarity numbers are shown in the graph. 

The volume of sodium hydroxide solution required to just completely react with the hydrochloric acid sample is measured. If we know the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in moles per liter, then the number of nroles of NaOH added can be calculated (volume X molarity), and so we know the number of moles of HCl in the sample. Therefore, in this relative method, it is necessary to prepare a reacting solution (sodium hydroxide) of accurately known concentration. 

Sodium aluminosilicate gel. This experiment illustrates the preparation of a different type of gel. Prepare a sodium alumi-nate solution that is 0.5-molar in aluminum, either by dissolving powdered sodium aluminate, NaA102 H20, in water and filtering or by adding sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of aluminum sulfate until the aluminum hydroxide first precipitated has just dissolved. Mix 30 ml of the 20 per cent sodium silicate solution used for silica el with 20 ml of water in a 400-ml beaker ... 

A stock 10% sodium hydroxide and 1% sodium chloride solution was prepared from reagent grade solid sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride. A stock 10% sodium orthosilicate (i.e. a molar ratio of Na2.0/Si02Of 2/1) and 1% sodium hydroxide solution was prepared by mixing 112.5 parts by weight of "N sodium silicate (PQ Corporation) r 147.9 parts by weight of 50% sodium hydroxide and 739.6 parts by weight of 1% sodium chloride. All sodium hydroxide and sodium orthosilicate solutions used were prepared by dilution of the stock solutions with 1% sodium chloride. 

Silicalite colloidal solutions with approximate diameters of 100 nm were prepared using distilled water, tetrapro-pylammonium hydroxide (TPAOM), and sodium hydroxide. Cylindrical ot-alumina microfiltration membranes (average pore diameter 1 pm, outer diameter 10 mm, iimer diameter 8 mmj were used as substrates for the zeolite membranes. A hydrothermal synthesis was carried out in a solution of distilled water, tetrapropylammo-nium bromide (TPABr), and sodium hydroxide in a molar composition of TPABr/Si02/H20/Na0H = 0.1/1/80/ 0 1 [2,26] Pqj. ZSM-5 membranes, sodium... 

Calculate the molarity of a sodium hydroxide solution that is prepared by mixing 100. mL of 0.20 M NaOH with 150. mL of water. Assume that the volumes are additive. 

Three types of immobilized 3 CyD catalysts I, II, and III were prepared by the reaction of 3-CyD with epichlorohydrin in 50 wt.-% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 50 C for 40 min, at the charged molar ratio 1 20, 1 10, and 1 4. After the reactions, the resulting solids were sufficiently washed with acetone and with water, and then were dried in vacuo. The molar ratios of 2-hydroxypropyl residue, derived from epichlorohydrin, to 3-CyD in the immobilized catalysts I, II, and III, respectively, were 5.7, 3.3, and 1.2. 

The preparation of the Raney-Ni catalysts follows the conventional method [14], Pure metallic cobalt, chromium, iron, and molybdenum as fine powders were added to nickel and aluminum powders, with a Ni/Me molar ratio around 0.02. Then, the alloy powders were submitted to a leaching process with soda under different temperatures to obtain promoted Raney-Ni catalysts. Besides the prepared samples, a commercial Raney-Ni catalyst (GETEC) was also tested [15], The industrial leaching process from GETEC was adopted sodium hydroxide solution (6 M) was added to the alloy and the mixture was heated at 100 and 120 °C for 2 h and stirred at 1200 rpm. 

The preparation of cyclohexylmagnesium bromide is described on p. 22. The solution may be standardized by titrating against 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, and exactly one mole equivalent is used in the preparation. Five cubic centimeters of cyclohexylmagnesium bromide solution is slowly added to 20 cc. of water, an excess of the standard acid is added, and the excess acid titrated with sodium hydroxide. If 85 g. (3.5 moles) of magnesium, one liter of dry ether, and 571 g. of cyclohexyl bromide (3.5 moles) are used, a solution results which is about 2 molar. 

A disaccharide is added to a pyridine SO3 complex solution, which is prepared by reacting 5 to 6 times the molar amount of liquid SO3 as much as that of disaccharide with 5 to 10 times the amount of pyridine as that of the disaccharide at 0°C to 5°C, for sulfation at 50°C to 70°C for 3 to 7 hours. After the completion of sulfation, the greater part of pyridine Is removed by decantation. The obtained solution exhibits an acidity that is so strong that it is improper to apply the reaction with aluminum ion and, therefore, sodium hydroxide is added for neutralization. After the remaining pyridine is removed by concentration, 100 unit volumes of water per unit volume of the residue is added thereto. To the solution is then added aluminum ion solution mainly containing aluminum dihydroxychloride, the pH of which is 1.0 to 1.2, in such an amount that the aluminum ion Is present in an amount of 4 to 6 molar parts of the amount of disaccharide to provide a pH of 4 to 4.5. The mixture is reacted under stirring at room temperature and the formed disaccharide poly sulfate-aluminum compound is allowed to precipitate. After filtration, the residue is washed with water and dried. 

The molarity of a soluble solute can vary over a wide range. With sodium hydroxide, for example, we can prepare a 6 M solution, a 1M solution, a 0.1 M solution, and so on. The words concentrated and dilute are often used in a qualitative way to describe these solutions. We would describe a 6 M solution of NaOH as concentrated it contains a relatively large amount of solute per liter. A 0.1 M NaOH solution is dilute, at least in comparison to 1M or 6 M. 

Numerous methods for the synthesis of salicyl alcohol exist. These involve the reduction of salicylaldehyde or of salicylic acid and its derivatives. The alcohol can be prepared in almost theoretical yield by the reduction of salicylaldehyde with sodium amalgam, sodium borohydride, or lithium aluminum hydride by catalytic hydrogenation over platinum black or Raney nickel or by hydrogenation over platinum and ferrous chloride in alcohol. The electrolytic reduction of salicylaldehyde in sodium bicarbonate solution at a mercury cathode with carbon dioxide passed into the mixture also yields saligenin. It is formed by the electrolytic reduction at lead electrodes of salicylic acids in aqueous alcoholic solution or sodium salicylate in the presence of boric acid and sodium sulfate. Salicylamide in aqueous alcohol solution acidified with acetic acid is reduced to salicyl alcohol by sodium amalgam in 63% yield. Salicyl alcohol forms along with -hydroxybenzyl alcohol by the action of formaldehyde on phenol in the presence of sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide. High yields of salicyl alcohol from phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a molar equivalent of ether additives have been reported (60). Phenyl metaborate prepared from phenol and boric acid yields salicyl alcohol after treatment with formaldehyde and hydrolysis (61). 

Smectite-type materials were synthesized with a hydrothermal method [5]. The aqueous solution of sodium silicate (Si02 / NajO= 3.22) and sodium hydroxide was mixed with the aqueous solution of metal chloride to precipitate Si-M (M divalent metal cation, Si M = 8 6) hydroxides. The precipitation pH of Si-M hydroxide was controlled by changing the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate. After separating and washing of Si-M hydroxide, slurries were prepared from Si-M hydroxide and water. The Si-M slurries were treated hydrothermally in an autoclave at 473 K under autogaseous water vapor pressure for 2 h. The resultant samples were dried at 353 K then we obtained smectite samples. The smectite-type materials are denoted by the divalent species in octahedral sheets and BET surface area, e.g., Ni-481 for the Ni2+ substituted smectite-type material with a surface area of 481 m2g. ... 

Method. Solutions of amino acids in phosphate buffer (pH 9.3) are mixed with an equal volume of freshly prepared 0.4 M pyridoxal solution (adjusted to pH 9.3) and permitted to stand at 8 °C for 30 min. (The molar ratio of pyridoxal to amino acid should be >75 1.) At this point, 1 ml of sodium tetrahydroborate solution (100 mg/ml in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide) is added and the contents are gently shaken. Excess of sodium tetrahydroborate is destroyed by addition of sufficient hydrochloric acid (pH 1-2) prior to column chromatography. The pyridoxal derivatives are separated on a column (100 X 0.6 cm) of Aminex A-5 ion-exchange resin (Bio-Rad) at a mobile phase flow-rate of 33 ml/h. The eluting solvents consist of 0.2 N buffers at pH 3.40,4.44 and 4.86 and a 0.35 N buffer at pH 5.86 (all of the buffers are sodium citrate). The separation of a number of pyridoxyl-... 

Tellurium Tetrakis[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithlocarbamate]s 10 ml (0.1 mmol) of a freshly prepared 0.01 molar solution of bis[2-hydroxyethyl]dithiocarbamic acid in methanol are mixed with 10 ml of a 0.5 molar aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide containing 1.6 mg (0.01 mmol) of tellurium dioxide at 10°. 20 m/ of 1.0 molar aqueous acetic acid is added, the crystals that form within a few minutes are collected, washed repeatedly with cold diethyl ether, and recrystallized from acetone at 10-30°. 

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