Sodium hydrosulfide

The compound can be prepared from 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid [88-89-1]) by reduction with sodium hydrosulfide (163), with ammonia —hydrogen sulfide followed by acetic acid neutralization of the ammonium salt (164), with ethanolic hydrazine and copper (165), or electrolyticaHy with vanadium sulfate in alcoholic sulfuric acid (159). Heating 4,6-dinitro-2-benzamidophenol in concentrated HQ. at 140°C also yields picramic acid (166). 

Chloropyridine N-oxide reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give pyrithione [1121-31-9] (45), the zinc salt of which is used as an... 

Fig. 1. Density of sodium hydrosulfide solutions ia water, where the numbers on the vertical lines represent concentrations of NaSH ia wt % (1).

Economic Aspects and Uses. Production and sales values for high purity sodium hydrosulfide are Hsted ia Table 1. These figures exclude the low purity material produced by oil refiners, beHeved to be sold primarily to pulp mills. Estimates of uses of NaHS ia the United States for 1994 are as shown (3,4) ... 

In many appHcations sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide are interchangeable. Where either chemical may be used, 28% less sodium hydrosulfide is required by weight to achieve a given level of sulfidity and is therefore the more economical choice. If desired, the sodium hydrosulfide can be converted to sodium sulfide by the addition of sodium hydroxide ... 

Another process involves two steps. Sodium hydrosulfide from equation 1 reacts with sodium hydroxide to yield sodium sulfide (eq. 2). Concentration by evaporation to 60 wt % is practiced unless concentrated sodium hydroxide is used. 

A double end point, acid—base titration can be used to determine both sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide content. Standardized hydrochloric acid is the titrant thymolphthalein and bromophenol blue are the indicators. Other bases having ionization constants in the ranges of the indicators used interfere with the analysis. Sodium thiosulfate and sodium thiocarbonate interfere quantitatively with the accuracy of the results. Detailed procedures to analyze sodium sulfide, sodium hydro sulfide, and sodium tetrasulfide are available (1). 

Sodium Sulfide and Sodium Hydrosulfide as Heavy MetalPrecipitants, Technical Service Bulletin, PPG Industries, New Martinsville, W. Va., 1995. 

Strontium carbonate also precipitates from strontium sulfide solution with carbon dioxide. Hydrogen sulfide is generated as a by-product of this reaction and reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium hydrosulfide, which is sold as by-product. The abiUty of the black ash process to produce a product exceeding 95% strontium carbonate, from ores containing <85% strontium sulfate, has led to its predorninance. 

Anhydrous gaseous or Hquid hydrogen sulfide is practically nonacidic, but aqueous solutions are weakly acid. The for the first hydrogen is 9.1 X 10 at 18°C for the second, is 1.2 x 10 . Reaction of hydrogen sulfide with one molar equivalent of sodium hydroxide gives sodium hydrosulfide with two molar equivalents of sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide forms. Hydrogen sulfide reacts with sodium carbonate to produce sodium hydrosulfide... 

Manufacture. Small cylinders of hydrogen sulfide are readily available for laboratory purposes, but the gas can also be easily synthesized by action of dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid on iron sulfide, calcium sulfide [20548-54-3], zinc sulfide [1314-98-3], or sodium hydrosulfide [16721 -80-5]. The reaction usually is mn in a Kipp generator, which regulates the addition of the acid to maintain a steady hydrogen sulfide pressure. Small laboratory quantities of hydrogen sulfide can be easily formed by heating at 280—320°C a mixture of sulfur and a hydrogen-rich, nonvolatile aUphatic substance, eg, paraffin. Gas evolution proceeds more smoothly if asbestos or diatomaceous earth is also present. 

Hydrogen sulfide has been produced in commercial quantities by the direct combination of the elements. The reaction of hydrogen and sulfur vapor proceeds at ca 500°C in the presence of a catalyst, eg, bauxite, an aluminosihcate, or cobalt molybdate. This process yields hydrogen sulfide that is of good purity and is suitable for preparation of sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide (see Sodium compounds). Most hydrogen sulfide used commercially is either a by-product or is obtained from sour natural gas. 

Prereduced Powders. These are usually made from press cake paste to which a reducing agent has been added, such as sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, or sodium dithionite, which solubili2e the dye in water. Before drying, the dye paste may be mixed with dispersing and stahi1i2ing agents to aid appHcation. 

Liquids. Some Hquid dyes are made directly from the thionation melt by additions of caustic soda and sodium hydrosulfide. Hydrotropic substances are sometimes added, either at the initial thionation stage or after the polysulfide melt is finished in order to keep the reduced dye in solution. Pardy reduced Hquids are also available. They are usually more concentrated than fully reduced Hquids, thus saving packaging and transportation costs. However, they require a further addition of reducing agent to the dyebath in order to obtain full color value. On the other hand, fully reduced Hquids are... 

The use of piperidine starting materials for preparation of perhydro derivatives is also seen in the reaction of the ethoxymethyleneaminonitrile (119) with sodium hydrosulfide to give (120) (66AG(E)308). 

SODIUM FLUOROSILICATE SODIUM HYDRIDE SODIUM HYDROGEN FLUORIDE SODIUM HYDROGEN SULFATE SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE... 

The synthesis of 2-substituted pyrimidines from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea derivatives was first described by Evans2 and was later improved by Hunt, McOmie, and Sayer3 for the preparation of 2-mercapto-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. Burness4 employed 3-ketobutyraldehyde acetal in this procedure to give 2-mercapto-4-methylpyrimidine. 2-Mercaptopyrimidine has been prepared from 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane and thiourea by variations of this basic method 3 6 6 as well as by the reaction of 2-chloropyrimidine with thiourea 1 or sodium hydrosulfide.8... 

Toxic pollutants found in the mercury cell wastewater stream include mercury and some heavy metals like chromium and others stated in Table 22.8, some of them are corrosion products of reactions between chlorine and the plant materials of construction. Virtually, most of these pollutants are generally removed by sulfide precipitation followed by settling or filtration. Prior to treatment, sodium hydrosulfide is used to precipitate mercury sulfide, which is removed through filtration process in the wastewater stream. The tail gas scrubber water is often recycled as brine make-up water. Reduction, adsorption on activated carbon, ion exchange, and some chemical treatments are some of the processes employed in the treatment of wastewater in this cell. Sodium salts such as sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium sulfide, and sodium borohydride are also employed in the treatment of the wastewater in this cell28 (Figure 22.5). 

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase has been proposed as a possible mechanism underlying the hydrogen sulfide-mediated disruption of neurotransmission in brain stem nuclei controlling respiration (Warenycia et al. 1989a). Administration of sodium hydrosulfide, an alkali salt of hydrogen sulfide, has been shown to increase brain catecholamine and serotonin levels in rats. It has also been suggested that persulfide formation resulting from sulfide interaction with tissue cystine and cystinyl peptides may underlie some... 

Lopez A, Prior MG, Reiffenstein RJ, et al. 1989. Peracute toxic effects of inhaled hydrogen sulfide and injected sodium hydrosulfide on the lungs of rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 12 367-373. 

There has been no report focused on triphosphorylthiophenes to the best of my knowledge. Tetraphosphorylthiophene 13 was synthesized as outlined in Schemes 27 and 29 [39], Reaction of diphosphorylacetylene 22 with sodium hydrosulfide... 

Similar reactions employing sodium sulfide in place of sodium hydrosulfide gave triphosphoryldihydrothiophene 25. The higher nucleophilicity of sodium sulfide leads to formation of phosphorylacetylene 26, which is attacked by sulfide intermediate 27 (Scheme 28). 

The synthesis of polysulfide elastomers involves the use of a small amount of trichloroalkane in addition to dichloroalkane and sodium sulfide in order to form a branched polymer. The prepolymer is treated with a mixture of sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfite followed by acidification to convert all end-groups to thiol groups. Further polymerization and crosslinking is achieved by oxidative coupling of the thiol end-groups by treatment with lead dioxide, p-quinone dioxime, or other oxidizing agent... 

Treatment of nitriles with gaseous hydrogen sulfide in the presence of anion exchange resin (Dowex 1X8, SH from) at room temperature affords the corresponding primary thioamides.27 Treatment of nitriles with 70% sodium hydrosulfide hydrate and magnesium chloride hexahydrate in DMF or methanol affords primary thioamides in high yields.28 Primary thioamides have been... 

Numerous preparative methods have been reported for these acids and their salts and ester derivatives.1 4 Dithiophosphoric acids are accessible from the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with alcohols or phenols (Equation 18). Dithiophosphinic acids can be prepared from thiophosphinic chlorides and sodium hydrosulfide (Equation 19), although the phenyl derivative is better prepared using a modified Friedel-Crafts reaction in which phosphorus pentasulfide is reacted with benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium trichloride (Equation 20). 

Dehydroxy-halogenation of 89 using POCU led to dihalopyrimidine 92, which was subsequently coupled with phenylacetylene to give 4-chIoro-5-alkynyIpyrimidine 93 [63, 64], Subsequent treatment of 93 with sodium hydrosulfide in refluxing ethanol gave 2,4-dimethyl-6-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (94). 

PVC capacity of, 25 676 regenerated cellulose fibers in, 11 249, 250 silicon carbide analysis in, 22 538 sodium hydrosulfide applications in,... 

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