Sodium chlorate chlorite

Oxalic acid Furfuryl alcohol, silver, mercury, sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite... [Pg.1210]

Sodium chlorite [sodium chlorate (IV)] Sodium peroxide ... [Pg.1213]

NaClO sodium hypochlorite NaC102 sodium chlorite NaClO sodium chlorate NaClO sodium perchlorate... [Pg.115]

Large-Scale Industrial Production. Large amounts of chlorine dioxide ate used in pulp bleaching and smaller quantities ate used for the manufacture of sodium chlorite. In these appHcations, sodium chlorate is the only commercially available taw material. Chlorine dioxide production from sodium chlorate is achieved by the reduction of the chlorate ion in the presence of strong acid. The reaction consumes acid, so that acid and reducing agents must be constantly added to maintain the reaction. [Pg.482]

In all cases, chlorine dioxide is produced at the point of use either from sodium chlorite or sodium chlorate. Production volume can be accurately estimated from total sodium chlorate consumption for chemical pulp bleaching because this use accounts for greater than 95% of all chlorine dioxide production. [Pg.483]

Sodium Chlorite. The standard enthalpy, Gibbs free energy of formation, and standard entropy for aqueous chlorite ions ate AH° = —66.5 kJ/mol ( — 15.9 kcal/mol), AG = 17.2 kJ/mol (4.1 kcal/mol), and S° = 0.1883 kJ/(molK) (0.045 kcal/(molK)), respectively (107). The thermal decomposition products of NaClO, in the 175—200°C temperature range ate sodium chlorate and sodium chloride (102,109) ... [Pg.485]

The commercial manufacture of sodium chlorite is based almost entirely on the reduction of chlorine dioxide gas in a sodium hydroxide solution containing hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-1] as the reducing agent. The chlorine dioxide is generated from the chemical or electrochemical reduction of sodium chlorate under acidic conditions. [Pg.488]

The specific use appHcations of sodium chlorite varies from country to country. Important factors are the regulatory and environmental laws in effect for air and water quaUty standards. Sodium chlorite is generally priced at about four to six times the cost of sodium chlorate. The Hst price of 80% technical-grade NaC102 in January 1991 was 2.65/kg (146). In 1990, the estimated consumption of sodium chlorate for the production of sodium chlorite in Canada was about 2700 metric tons and about 9100 metric tons in the United States (74). In Western Europe, the 1990 chlorate consumption estimate was about 11,000 metric tons. A summary of 1991 U.S. and foreign sodium chlorite producer annual plant capacities in various world market areas is given in Table 3. [Pg.488]

More than 80% of all the sodium chlorite produced is used for the generation of chlorine dioxide. Sodium chlorite or the chlorine dioxide generated from it or from sodium chlorate must be registered with the USEPA for each specific appHcation use as a biocide for microbial growth control or disinfection. These regulations are covered under the Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (EIERA). [Pg.489]

Potassium bromide/chlorate/permanganate/peroxide Sodium chlorate/permanganate/peroxide/chlorite (>40% by weight)... [Pg.234]

Chlorine dioxide, discovered in 1811 by Davy, was prepared from the reaction of potassium chlorate with hydrochloric acid. Early experimentation showed that chlorine dioxide exhibited strong oxidizing and bleaching properties. In the 1930s, the Mathieson Alkali Works developed the first commercial process for preparing chlorine dioxide from sodium chlorate. By 1939, sodium chlorite was established as a commercial product for the generation of chlorine dioxide. [Pg.472]

Hydrogen peroxide solutions (27.5—91% by weight) Nitric acid (concentrations > 70%) Potassiumbromide/chlorate/permanganate/peroxide Sodium chlorate/permanganate/peroxide/chlorite (>40 X. by weight)... [Pg.159]

MRH Ammonium nitrate 5.48/77, hydrogen peroxide 8.74/59, potassium permanganate 3.97/63, sodium bromate 6.19/68, sodium chlorate 8.45/60, sodium chlorite 7.36/65, sodium nitrate 6.07/58, sodium perchlorate 8.37/57, sodium peroxide 3.51/76... [Pg.1915]

Nitropropane Nitrosyl fluoride Nitrosyl perchlorate Nitrourea Nitrous acid Nitryl chloride Oxalic acid See under Nitromethane chlorosulfonic acid, oleum Haloalkenes, metals, nonmetals Acetones, amines, diethyl ether, metal salts, organic materials Mercury(II) and silver salts Phosphine, phosphorus trichloride, silver nitrate, semicarbazone Ammonia, sulfur trioxide, tin(IV) bromide and iodide Furfuryl alcohol, silver, mercury, sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite... [Pg.1479]

Silver peroxide Sodium bromate Sodium carbonate peroxide Sodium chlorate Sodium chlorite Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (sodium dichloroisocyanurate)... [Pg.64]

Palladium(II) oxide, 4825 Palladium(IV) oxide, 4835 Perchloric acid, 3998 Periodic acid, 4425 Permanganic acid, 4434 Peroxodisulfuric acid, 4482 Peroxodisulfuryl difluoride, 4328 Peroxomonosulfuric acid, 4481 Peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, 0666 Platinum hexafluoride, 4371 Platinum(IV) oxide, 4836 Plutonium hexafluoride, 4372 Potassium bromate, 0255 Potassium chlorate, 4017 Potassium dichromate, 4248 Potassium iodate, 4619 Potassium nitrate, 4650 Potassium nitrite, 4649 Potassium perchlorate, 4018 Potassium periodate, 4620 Potassium permanganate, 4647 Rhenium hexafluoride, 4373 Rubidium fluoroxysulfate, 4309 Ruthenium(VIII) oxide, 4862 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Silver permanganate, 0021 Sodium chlorate, 4039 Sodium chlorite, 4038 Sodium dichromate, 4250 Sodium iodate, 4624 Sodium nitrate, 4721 Sodium nitrite, 4720... [Pg.309]

G. S. Serullas treated potassium chlorate with an excess of hydrofluosilicic acid the clear liquid was decanted from the sparingly soluble potassium fluosilicate, the soln. evaporated below 30°, and filtered through glass powder J. J. Berzelius evaporated the acid liquid mixed with finely divided silica below 30° in air, or over cone, sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide in vacuo. The excess of hydrofluoric acid was volatilized as silicon fluoride, and the clear liquid was then filtered from the excess of silica. R. Bottger treated sodium chlorate with oxalic acid whereby sparingly soluble sodium oxalate was formed J. L. Wheeler, and T. B. Munroe treated sodium chlorate with hydrofluosilicic acid and M. Brandau treated potassium chlorate with aluminium sulphate and sulphuric acid and precipitated the alum so formed with alcohol. Chloric acid is formed in many reactions with hypochlorous and chlorous acid for example, it is formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine or hypochlorous or chlorous acid decomposes in light. It is also formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine dioxide stands in darkness or in light. A mixture of alkali chlorate and chlorite is formed when an aq. soln. of an alkali hydroxide is treated with chlorine dioxide. [Pg.300]

There are several methods of manufacturing is on a commercial scale, for instance the calcination of oxalic add blended with potassium chloride, treatment of sodium chlorite with chlorine, or of sodium chlorate with sulphur dioxide in the presence of concentrated sulphuric add. Chlorine dioxide is utilized as a strong bleaching agent for cellulose, paper, flour, oils and such like, as well as a solvent for removing lignin from wood pulp. [Pg.477]

Chlorine Dioxide. Chlorine dioxide, C102. is a gas that is more hazardous than chlonne. Large amounts for pulp bleaching are made by several processes in which sodium chlorate is reduced with chloride, methanol, or sulfur dioxide in highly acidic solutions by complex reactions. For most other purposes chlorine dioxide is made from sodium chlorite. [Pg.239]

Sodium chlorate, 4033 Sodium chlorite, 4032 Sodium dichromate, 4244 Sodium iodate, 4619 Sodium nitrate, 4716 Sodium nitrite, 4715 Sodium perchlorate, 4034 Sodium permanganate, 4698 Sodium peroxide, 4797 Sodium peroxodisulfate, 4803 f Sulfur, 4891 Sulfur trioxide, 4843 Sulfuric acid, 4473... [Pg.2503]

Chlorine and hypochlorite thus obtained are traditional oxidizing agents of organic pollutants. Chlorine dioxide is another known oxidant for water treatment, which can be generated in divided cells containing sodium chlorite or sodium chlorate. This last compound can also be produced anodically from hypochlorite oxidation ... [Pg.277]

NaCIO 3 = KCIO 3 > NaCIO 2 > NaBrO 3 = KBrO 3 > Ba(C10 a ) z H 2 O. The substances for which "go" was recorded more than 10 times were sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate and sodium chlorite. Potassium chlorate was tested at a height of Hso which had been determined with the up and down method, and the ratio of "go" to "no go" events ratio was 13/20 (65%). A variation of about 3 times should be considered. When the test result are considered with those from the up and down method, the impact sensitivity of sodium chlorate may not be less than that of potassium chlorate. Meanwhile a significant difference between sodium chlorite and potassium chlorate is not observed. It is necessary to carry out the test more times to see if there is a significant difference between sodium chlorite and potassium chlorate. [Pg.119]

Bleaching powder Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorate Potassium chlorate Barium chlorate Silver chlorate Ignition Ignition Ignition Ignition Ignition Ignition Sodium chromate Potassium chromate Ammonium dichromate Sodium dichromate Potassium dichromate Barium peroxide Smoke Smoke Smoke Smoke Smoke Smoke to... [Pg.263]

The reactivity of an oxidizer varies depending on the combustible substance used. Sulfur and red phosphorus are higher in reactivity with sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate than ethylene glycol. [Pg.268]

Write formulas for each of the following compounds (a) sodium chloride, (b) sodium chlorate, (c) sodium chlorite, (d) sodium hypochlorite, and (e) sodium perchlorate. [Pg.97]