Sodium Chloramphenicol

Incompatibilities Do not mix IV minocycline before or during administration with any solutions containing the following Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), aminophylline, amobarbital sodium, amphotericin B, bicarbonate infusion mixtures, calcium gluconate or chloride, carbenicillin, cephalothin sodium, cefazolin sodium, chloramphenicol succinate, colistin sulfate, heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, iodine sodium, methicillin sodium, novobiocin, penicillin, pentobarbital, phenytoin sodium, polymyxin, prochlorperazine, sodium ascorbate, sulfadiazine, sulfisoxazole, thiopental sodium, vitamin K (sodium bisulfate or sodium salt), whole blood. 

Prochlorperazine Edisylate Prochlorperazine edisylate is not compatible with sodium chloride solutions containing methyl hydroxybenzoate and propyl hydroxy-benzoate as preservatives, but is compatible with solutions containing benzyl alcohol. Prochlorperazine edisylate salts are incompatible with a number of drugs such as aminophylline, amphotericin, ampicillin sodium, some barbiturates, ben-zylpenicillin salts, calcium gluconate, cefmetazole sodium, cephalothin sodium, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, chlorothiazide sodium, chloramphenicol, morphine sulfate containing phenol, magnesium trisilicate mixture, sodium succinate, chlorothiazide sodium, dimenhydrinate, heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, midazolam hydrochloride, and some sulfonamides.166... 

In pharmaceutical appHcations, the selectivity of sodium borohydride is ideally suited for conversion of high value iatermediates, such as steroids (qv), ia multistep syntheses. It is used ia the manufacture of a broad spectmm of products such as analgesics, antiarthritics, antibiotics (qv), prostaglandins (qv), and central nervous system suppressants. Typical examples of commercial aldehyde reductions are found ia the manufacture of vitamin A (29) (see Vitamins) and dihydrostreptomycia (30). An acyl azide is reduced ia the synthesis of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (31) and a carbon—carbon double bond is reduced ia an iatermediate ia the manufacture of the analgesic Talwia (32). 

The synthetic route to chloramphenicol is described in U.S. Patent 2,4B3,BB4 as follows 1.1 g of sodium is dissolved in 20 cc of methanol and the resulting solution added to a Solution of 5 g of benzaldehyde and 4.5 g of /3-nitroethanol in 20 cc of methanol. After standing at room temperature for a short time the gel which forms on the mixing of the reactants changes to a white insoluble powder. The precipitate is collected, washed with methanol and ether and then dried. The product thus produced is the sodium salt of... 

Warfarin sodium Benzal acetophenone Alkofanone Benzaldehyde Butalamlne HCI Chloramphenicol Fenipentol Isocarboxazid Oxacillin sodium Penicillin G benzathine Phenylpropanolamine HCI Tripelennamine Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin Ethotoin... 

Novapen - Dicloxacillin sodium Nova-phase Aspirin Novaphenicol - Chloramphenicol Nova-Rubi Cyanocobalamin Novasen - Aspirin... 

Sonnolin - Nitrazepam Sopamycetin Chloramphenicol Sopanil Meprobamate Soparon Ferrous fumarate Sopental Pentobarbitol sodium Sophiamin Chlordiazepoxide HCI Sopor Methaqualone Soprodol Carisoprodol Sorbangil Isosorbide dinitrate Sorbevit B12 Cyanocobalamin Sorbid Isosorbide dinitrate Sorbigen B12 - Cyanocobalamin Sorbitrate Isosorbide dinitrate Sorboquel Thihexinol... 

In asymmetric Strecker synthesis ( + )-(45,55 )-5-amino-2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-l,3-dioxane has been introduced as an alternative chiral auxiliary47. The compound is readily accessible from (lS,25)-2-amino-l-phcnyl-l,3-propancdioI, an intermediate in the industrial production of chloramphenicol, by acctalization with acetone. This chiral amine reacts smoothly with methyl ketones of the arylalkyl47 or alkyl series48 and sodium cyanide, after addition of acetic acid, to afford a-methyl-a-amino nitriles in high yield and in diastereomerically pure form. 

The antibiotic is administered orally as the palmitate, which is tasteless this is hydrolysed to chloramphenicol in the gastrointestinal tract. The highly water-soluble chloramphenicol sodium succinate is used in the parenteral formulation, and thus acts as a pro-drug. 

F. Shann, M. Linnemann, A. Mackenzie, J. Barker, M. Gratten, and N. Crinis, Absorption of chloramphenicol sodium succinate after intramusclar administration in children, N. Engl. J. Med., 313, 410... 

CHLORAMPHENICOL SODIUM SUCCINATE STERILE USP 1 GRAM VIAL 1Q/BOX 6505007540280 BX 37,33 ... 

IV administration Chloramphenicol sodium succinate is intended for IV use only it is ineffective when given IM. Administer IV as a 10% solution injected over at least 1 minute. Substitute oral dosage as soon as feasible. 

Various antibiotics bacitracin chloramphenicol colistimethate sodium fosfomycin tromethamine fusidic acid metronidazole polymyxin B sulfate rifabutin sodium fusidate... 

Apart from the pathophysiological condition of the animal, the mode of drug application may also significantly influence the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug (48, 49). For example, drug residues may persist at the injection site for prolonged periods of time (2). In a study in which various sulfonamides and trimethoprim were injected intramuscularly into swine, detectable residues were found at most sites 6 days after the injection, and with the sulfonamides at 30 days in almost half of the animals (50). Other drugs such as dihydrostreptomycin persist for up to 60 days, while positive residues of chloramphenicol are found at 7 days postinjection. Sodium and procaine penicillin, neomycin, tylosin, and oxytetracycline residues have also been determined at 24 h or more postinjection (51). 

Immunoaffinity cleanup was first applied in drug residue analysis for the determination of chloramphenicol in swine muscle tissue by LC (113). The lAC column was prepared using monoclonal antibodies originally developed for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (171) specific for chloramphenicol. Meat samples were extracted with water, and a concentrated phosphate buffer was added to the filtered extracts before immunoaffinity cleanup. A phosphate buffer was used in the washing process, whereas chloramphenicol was eluted from the column with a glycine/sodium chloride solution of pH 2.8. For subsequent LC analysis, this eluate was extracted with ethyl acetate, evaporated, and reconstimted in the mobile phase. The same analytical scheme was later successfully applied for the determination of chloramphenicol in eggs and milk as well (170, 172). 

A specific cleanup procedure based on immunoaffinity chromatography with polyclonal antibodies has been described by Gude et al. (50) for the gas chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in swine tissues. In this method, tissue sample is extracted with acetonitrile/4% sodium chloride (1 1) Following centrifugation, the supernatant is purified with n-hexane, and chloram-... 

For tissue analysis, the sample is extracted with ethyl acetate in the presence of sodium chloride and piperonyl butoxide. After centrifugation, the supernatant is evaporated to dryness, and the residue is dissolved with dichloromethane/ hexane (1 1) to be applied onto a Bond-Elut silica cartridge. Following successive cartridge washing with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate/hexane (4 6), chloramphenicol is eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (7 3) and the eluate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 0.05 M Tris/hydrochloric acid buffer pH 10.4, extracted with diethyl ether, and the extract is evaporated to dryness. Tlie... 

Burke, J. T., W. A. Virgin, R. J. Sherertz, K. L. Sanders, M. R. Blum, and F. A. Sarubbi. 1982. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous chloramphenicol sodium succinate in adult patients with normal renal and hepatic function. J. Pharmacokin. Biopharrrl0 601-614. 

Glazko, A. J., W. A. Dill, A. W Kinkel, J. R. Goulet, W. J. Holloway, and R. A. Buchanan. 1977. Absorption and excretion of parenteral doses of chloramphenicol sodium succinate (CMS) in comparison with peroral doses of chloramphenicol (CM Iin. Pharmacol. Thei21 104. 

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