Antibiotics bacitracin

Fig. 6. A Chromatogram of a mixture containing the print molecule (oxacillin), two other p-lactam-antibiotics (penicillin G and penicillin V) and a non- 3-lactam-antibiotic (bacitracin) on an oxacillin imprinted MIP containing 4-vinylpyridine residues, cross-linked with TRIM. The analysis was performed in organic mobile phase (ACN/AcOH,99 l).B Same conditions but using the respective non-imprinted control polymer. C Structures of penicillin V, penicillin G, and oxacillin. Reprinted with permission from Skudar K, Briiggemann O, Wittelsberger A, Ramstrom O (1999) Anal Commun 36 327. Copyright 1999 The Royal Society of Chemistry...

Aztreonam (Azactam) Antibiotic Bacitracin (Bacitracin) Antibiotic... 

C) Triple antibiotics (bacitracin, Polymyxin B, and neomycin) ointment... 

Various antibiotics bacitracin chloramphenicol colistimethate sodium fosfomycin tromethamine fusidic acid metronidazole polymyxin B sulfate rifabutin sodium fusidate... 

Godin, B., and E. Touitou. 2002. Intracellular and dermal delivery of polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin, Drug research between information and life sciences, ICCF, 3rd Symposium Abstracts, Bucharest. 

Antibiotics bacitracin, bleomycin, gramicidine, capreomycin Hormones corticotropin, glucagon, gonadrolein HC1, leuprolide acetate, histrelin acetate, oxytocin, secretin, goserelin acetate, vassopressin... 

Quadri LE, Sello J, Keating TA, Weinreb PH, Walsh CT. Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene cluster encoding the biosynthetic enzymes for assembly of the virulence-conferring siderophore mycobactin. Chem. Biol. 1998 5 631-645. Eppelmann K, Doekel S, Marahiel MA. Engineered biosynthesis of the peptide antibiotic bacitracin in the surrogate host Bacillus subtiUs. J. Biol. Chem. 2001 276 34824-34831. 

Another antibiotic, bacitracin A, is a large peptide which appears to... 

Together with the derivatives of pyridine, the thiazoles soon constituted an important part of heterocyclic chemistry, as much from the point of view of the initial research as from the practical aspect. Their biological and pharmaceutical interest is in fact important as they appear in the composition of certain vitamins such as vitamin Bj (thiamine) and in the penicillins. Reduced thiazoles serve in the study of polypeptides and proteins and occur as structural units in compounds of biological significance, for example, firefly luciferins and in antibiotics bacitracin A and... 

Cells, when its conversion into undecaprenyl phosphate by a specific phosphatase is inhibited by the antibiotic bacitracin. ... 

The peptide antibiotic bacitracin is synthesized by the protein thiotemplate mechanism present in Bacillus species... 

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (p-lactam antibiotics, bacitracin, vancomycin)... 

Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate is not an acceptor for glycosyl transfers and must be degraded to undecaprenyl phosphate to complete the cycle. This reaction is catalysed by a specific pyrophosphatase and is prevented by the antibiotic bacitracin. This prevention is not a simple inhibition, since bacitracin does not affect the enzyme directly, instead it forms a very strong complex with undecaprenyl pyrophosphate and so renders the substrate unavailable to the enzyme. 

FIGURE 45.6 Dependence of constant reaction rate of thermal inactivation on temperature 9 (1) nonsporulating microorganisms (2) bacterial spores (3) antibiotics (bacitracin and grisin) and (4) lysine. (From Tutova, E.G. and Kuts, P.S., Drying of Microbiological Products, Agropromizdat, Moscow, Russia, 1987 (in Russian).)... 

Although only L-amino acids occur in proteins, D-ami-no acids are often a part of the metabolism of lower organisms.The antibiotic actinomycin D, for example, contains a unit of D-valine, and the antibiotic bacitracin A contains units of D-asparagine and D-glutamic acid. Draw Fischer projections and three-dimensional representations for these three D-amino acids. 

A large volume of work continues to be published in the area of thiazole chemistry. Physicochemical aspects continue to receive their share of attention, and interest in meso-ionic compounds has been sustained. Asinger and Offerman s versatile synthesis provides routes to reduced thiazoles (75, 212—217). Other notable methods employ thiirans (75, 218, 219), thiocarbonylamino-acid silyl esters (75, 220), and enamines (75, 221) as starting materials. Reduced thiazoles play an important role in peptide and protein studies (75, 234—239), and generate interest because of their occurrence as structural units in compounds of physiological interest, such as the antibiotics bacitracin A (75, 147 - 149) and thiostrepton. Benzothiazole derivatives have been employed to separate amidines for the first time into their syn- and fl/itZ-isomers (74, 49). The reaction of citric acid with penicillamine provides an interesting entry into the thiazolo-[3,2-fl]pyridine system (74, 152). 

Oxidation of thiazoline rings that have been formed by condensations in V-acylcysteinyl peptides may represent the biosynthetic pathway to thia-zole rings that are present in a number of antibiotics. Bacitracin A undergoes oxidation, in a neutral solution exposed to air, to form bacitracin F, which contains the N-terminal fragment XVI. Micrococcin, an antibiotic... 

A central tenet of the above scheme of O-side chain biosynthesis, is that oligosaccharides linked to lipid carriers traverse the cytoplasmic membrane. There is little direct evidence that this occurs it being difficult to localise such an intermediate state. Some support for the hypothesis comes from the observation that the antibiotic bacitracin, which specifically interacts with the lipid carrier, inhibits O-side chain polymerisation. However, many consider the transfer of the oligosaccharide from one leaflet of the membrane to the other to pose insurmountable problems. To overcome this difficulty it has been postulated that nucleotide sugars are translocated through the membrane into the periplasmic space, where... 

The search for effective and nontoxic antibiotics is unceasing. Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, thousands of antibiotics have been isolat and studied. But relatively few are in active use. The following are among the better known and more widely used antibiotics bacitracin, chlortetracy-cline (Aureomycin), erythromycin, neomycin, nisin, nystatin, oxytetracycline (Terramycin), penicillin, pimaricin, streptomycin, and tylosin. 

Antibiotics Bacitracin (antimicrobial peptide) Bacillus spp. GU215 Adsorption on silicon polymer beads and wood chips [61]... 

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