Sodium 2- amino

Aminocephalosporanic acid Cefazolin sodium Ceftizoxime Cephacetriie sodium Cephalogiycin Cephaloridine Cephalothin sodium Cephapirin sodium 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzonitrile Ciorazepate dipotassium 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone Chlordiazepoxide HCi Pinazepam Prazepam... 

Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenolate, Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitropicrate Acetyltrinitro-cyclotetramethylene tetramine... 

Bromfenac sodium (2-amino-3-(4-bromo-benzoyl)-benzeneacetic acid sodium salt sesquihydrate) has a safety profile apparently similar to that of other NSAIDs (SEDA-17, 109) (SEDA-21, 104). It was approved by the FDA in 1997 for short-term management of acute pain, but was withdrawn by the manufacturers in 1998. 

Pteridinamines do not undergo covalent hydration but will form adducts with strong nucleophiles. For example pteridin-2-amine gives the adduct sodium 2-amino-3,4-dihydropteridine-4-sulfonate (8) when shaken with aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite for 10 minutes.236 However, pteridin-2-amine does hydrate as a cation and in aqueous acid exists as the cation 9.237,238... 

Fluorobenzo[h]thiophen-2(3//)-one has been prepared via diazotization of sodium (2-amino-4-fluorophenyl)acetate followed by reaction with sodium sulphide and ring-closure. The reaction of 3-amino-2-ethoxycarbonyl-benzo [ft] thiophen with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran gave 3-(l-pyrrolyl)-2-ethoxycarbonylbenzo [ft] thiophen, which through Curtius reaction was... 

Na 11.47%, O 23.93%, S 16.00%. Prepd by coupling diazotized 4,4 -diaminobiphenyl-3-sulfonic acid with sodium 2-amino-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonate Rrauss, J. Am. 

Sodium 4-ami nobenzoate Sodium p-aminobenzoate. See Sodium aminobenzoate Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenoxide. See Sodium picramate Sodium 6-amino-4-hydroxy-5-((2-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) azo) naphthalene-2-sulfonate. See Acid red 337 Sodium aminophenyl arsonate Sodium p-aminophenylarsonate. See Sodium arsanilate Sodium amino tri (methylene phosphonic acid) ... 

Sodium 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenoxide Definition Sodium salt of picramic acid Empirical C6H4N3O5 Na Properties Solid m.w. 221.12 Toxicology TSCA listed Precaution Explosive chemical flamm. 

Except for its lower protein concentration, glomerular filtrate at the top of the nephron is chemically identical to the plasma. The chemical composition of the urine is however quantitatively very different to that of plasma, the difference is due to the actions of the tubules. Cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) are responsible for bulk transfer and reclamation of most of the filtered water, sodium, amino acids and glucose (for example) whereas the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and the collecting duct are concerned more with fine tuning the composition to suit the needs of the body. 

Bussolati, O., Laris, P.C., Rotoli, B.M., DalFAsta, V., Gazzola, G.C. (1992). Transport system ASC for neutral amino acids. An electroneutral sodium/amino acid cotransport sensitive to the membrane potential. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 8330-8335. 

Curran, P.F., Schultz, S.G., Chez, R.A., Fuisz, R.E. (1967). Kinetic relations of sodium amino acid interactions at the mucosal border of the intestine. J. Gen. Physiol. 50,1261-1286. 

Principal transport processes in the renal nephron. ADH, Antidiuretic hormone. [Reproduced with permission from M. B. Burg, The nephron in transport of sodium, amino acids, and glucose. Hasp. Pmct. 13(10), 99 (1978). 

There appears to be no control of the absorption of dietary sodium, which essentially is totally absorbed, provided that glucose is available for transport processes. Sodium absorption takes place by several mechanisms, of which electroneutral cotransport subsystems account for about 20%, diffusion possibly for up to 50%, and other transport processes for the remainder. Sodium-glucose and sodium-amino acid cotransporters exist in the apical membranes of erythrocytes and mediate sodium uptake coupled to glucose or amino acid uptake. Thus, the absorption of glucose and some amino acids is dependent on sodium uptake. 

Sodium amino tris (methylene phosphonate). See Sodium nitrilotris (methylene phosphate) Sodium amyl xanthate. See Sodium isoamyl xanthate... 

Chem. Descrip. Sodium amino lrls(melhylene phosphonate)... 

CfiHsNjOs. Red needles m.p. 168-169°C. Soluble in dilute acids and alkalis. Prepared by reduction of picric acid with sodium hydrogen sulphide, ft is used for the preparation of azodyes, which can be after-chromed by treatment with metallic salts owing to the presence of a hydroxyl group ortho to the amino-group. 

When hydrochloric acid is cautiously added to an aqueous solution containing both sodium nitrite and the sodium salt of sulphanilic acid, NaOsSCgH NH, the amino group of the latter undergoes normal diazotisation, giving the diazonium chloride (A). The latter, however, ionises in solution, giving sodium and chloride ions and the internal salt (B), which possesses two opposite charges and is therefore neutral this internal salt is stable under... 

This preparation illustrates the use of dimethyl sulphate to convert a primary amino group into the secondary monomethylamino group, without the methy-lation proceeding to the tertiary dimethylamino stage. The methylation of anthranilic acid is arrested at the monomethylamino stage by using i-i molecular equiN alents of sodium hydroxide and of dimethyl sulphate. The reactions can be considered as ... 

In the Schotten-Baumann method of benzoylation, the hydroxyl- or amino-compound (or a salt of the latter) is dissolved or suspended in an excess of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, a small excess (about 10% more than the theoretical amount) of benzoyl chloride is then added and the mixture vigorously shaken. Benzoylation proceeds smoothly under these conditions, and the solid benzoyl compound, being insoluble in water, separates out. The sodium hydroxide then hydrolyses the excess of benzoyl chloride, giving sodium... 

The reaction between 3,5 dinitrobenzoyl chloride and compounds containing the OH, NHj, or NH groups is very rapid, and therefore is particularly suitable for identification purposes cf. pp. 335, 338, 381). It is usual to have sodium hydroxide present during the reaction with phenols and amino-acids, but this is not necessary with alcohols if they are dry. 

Aldehydes and ketones may frequently be identified by their semicarbazones, obtained by direct condensation with semicarbazide (or amino-urea), NH,NHCONH a compound which is a monacidic base and usually available as its monohydrochloride, NHjCONHNH, HCl. Semicarbazones are particularly useful for identification of con jounds (such as acetophenone) of which the oxime is too soluble to be readily isolated and the phenylhydrazone is unstable moreover, the high nitrogen content of semicarbazones enables very small quantities to be accurately analysed and so identified. The general conditions for the formation of semicarbazones are very similar to those for oximes and phenylhydrazones (pp. 93, 229) the free base must of course be liberated from its salts by the addition of sodium acetate. 

Amino-4 -methylthiazole slowly decomposes on storage to a red viscous mass. It can be stored as the nitrate, which is readily deposited as pink crystals when dilute nitric acid is added to a cold ethanolic solution of the thiazole. The nitrate can be recrystallised from ethanol, although a faint pink colour persists. Alternatively, water can be added dropwise to a boiling suspension of the nitrate in acetone until the solution is just clear charcoal is now added and the solution, when boiled for a short time, filtered and cooled, deposits the colourless crystalline nitrate, m.p. 192-194° (immersed at 185°). The thiazole can be regenerated by decomposing the nitrate with aqueous sodium hydroxide, and extracting the free base with ether as before. 

Lassaigne s test is obviously a test also for carbon in the presence of nitrogen. It can be used therefore to detect nitrogen in carbon-free inorganic compounds, e.g., complex nitrites, amino-sulphonic acid derivatives, etc., but such compounds must before fusion with sodium be mixed with some non-volatile nitrogen-free organic compound such as starch... 

B) Benzoyl derivatives. Most amino-acids can be benzoyl-ated when their solutions in 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide are shaken with a small excess of benzoyl chloride until a clear solution is obtained (Schotten-Baumann reaction, p. 243). Acidification of the solution then precipitates the benzoyl derivative and the excess of benzoic acid, and the mixture must be filtered off, washed with water, and recrystallised (usually from ethanol) to obtain the pure derivative. (M.ps., p. 555 )... 

Since formaldehyde solutions almost invariably contain formic acid, and amino-acids themselves are seldom exactly neutral, it is very important that both the formaldehyde solution and the glycine solution should before mixing be brought to the same pH (see footnote, p. 509), and for this purpose each solution is first madejWl alkaline to phenolphthalein by means of dilute sodium hydroxide solution. This preliminary neutralisation must not be confused with... 

Glycine itself is almost neutral, and requires very little sodium hydroxide to give a pink colour with phenolphthalein some other amino-acids, e.g., glutamic acid, aspartic acid, etc., are definitely more acidic and consequently require more alkali for this purpose cf. footnote, p. 380). 

Benzoates. Dissolve 0-5 g. of the amino acid in 10 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium bicarbonate solution and add 1 g. of benzoyl chloride. Shake the mixture vigorously in a stoppered test-tube remove the stopper from time to time since carbon dioxide is evolved. When the odour of benzoyl chloride has disappeared, acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid to Congo red and filter. Extract the solid with a little cold ether to remove any benzoic acid which may be present. RecrystaUise the benzoyl derivative which remains from hot water or from dilute alcohol. 

Amino acids react in alkaline solution with a-naphthyl isocyanate to yield the sodium salts of the corresponding a-naphthylureido acids, which remain in solution upon addition of a mineral acid, the ureido acid is precipitated. 

Dissolve 0 01 g. equivalent of the amino acid in 20 ml. of N sodium hydroxide solution and add a solution of 2 g. of p-toluenesulphonyl chloride in 25 ml. of ether shake the mixture mechanically or stir vigorously for 3-4 hours. Separate the ether layer acidify the... 

Dissolve 0 01 g. equivalent of the amino acid in 0 03 g. equivalent of N sodium hydroxide solution and cool to 5° in a bath of ice. Add, with rapid stirring, 0 -01 g. equivalent of 2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetyl chloride dissolved in 5 ml. of dry benzene at such a rate (5-10 minutes) that the temperature of the mixture does not rise above 15° if the reaction mixture gels after the addition of the acid chloride, add water to thin it. Remove the ice bath and stir for 2-3 hours. Extract the resulting mixture with ether, and acidify the aqueous solution to Congo red with dilute hydrochloric acid. Collect the precipitate by filtration and recrystallise it from dilute alcohol. 

Bromo-4-aminotoluene, Suspend the hydrochloride in 400 ml, of water in a 1-Utre beaker equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Add a solution of 70 g. of sodium hydroxide in 350 ml. of water. The free base separates as a dark heavy oil. After cooUng to 15-20°, transfer the mixture to a separatory funnel and run off the crude 3-bromo-4-amino-toluene. This weighs 125 g. and can be used directly in the next step (3). 

It is interesting to note that azo dyestuffs may be conveniently reduced either by a solution of stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid or by sodium hyposulphite. Thus phenyl-azo-p-naphthol 3delds both aniline and a-amino-p-naphthol (see formula above), and methyl orange gives p-aminodimethylaniline and sulphanilic acid ... 

Place 20 g. of Orange II (Section IV,79) in a 600 ml. beaker and dissolve it in 250 ml. of water at 40-50°. Add, with stirring, 24-25 g. of sodium hyposulphite (Na SjO ) this discharges the colour and yields a pink or cream-coloured, finely-divided precipitate of a-amino-p-naphthol (compare Section IV,76). Heat the mixture nearly to boiling until it commences to froth considerably, then cool to 25° in ice, filter on a... 

Anthranilic acid. This substance, the ortho amino derivative of benzoic acid, may be conveniently prepared by the action of sodium hypobromite (or sodium hypochlorite) solution upon phthalimide in alkaline solution at 80°. The ring in phthalimide is opened by hydrolysis to phthalamidic acid and the latter undergoes the Hofmann reaction (compare Section 111,116) ... 

Amino-5-methylthiazole. Suspend 76 g. of thiourea in 200 ml. of water in a 500 ml. three-necked flask equipped as in the preceding pre paration. Stir and add 92 -5 g. (80 ml.) of monochloroacetone (1) over a period of 30 minutes. The thiourea dissolves as the reaction proceeds and the temperature rises. Reflux the yellow solution for 2 hours. To the cold solution immersed in an ice bath add, with stirring, 200 g. of solid sodium hydroxide. Transfer to a separatory funnel, add a little ice water, separate the upper oil layer and extract the aqueous layer with three 100 ml. portions of ether. Dry the combined oil and ether extracts with anhydrous magnesium sulphate, remove the ether by distillation from a steam bath, and distil the residual oil under diminished pressure. Collect the 2-amino-5-methylthiazole at 130-133°/18 mm. it solidifies on coohng in ice to a solid, m.p. 44-45°. The yield is 84 g. 

Amino-3 5-diiodobenzoic acid. In a 2 litre beaker, provided with a mechanical stirrer, dissolve 10 g. of pure p-aminobenzoic acid, m.p. 192° (Section IX,5) in 450 ml. of warm (75°) 12 -5 per cent, hydrochloric acid. Add a solution of 48 g. of iodine monochloride (1) in 40 ml. of 25 per cent, hydrochloric acid and stir the mixture for one minute during this time a yellow precipitate commences to appear. Dilute the reaction mixtiue with 1 litre of water whereupon a copious precipitate is deposited. Raise the temperature of the well-stirred mixture gradually and maintain it at 90° for 15 minutes. Allow to cool to room tempera-tiue, filter, wash thoroughly with water and dry in the air the yield of crude acid is 24 g. Purify the product by dissolving it in dilute sodium hydroxide solution and precipitate with dilute hydrochloric acid the yield of air-dried 4-amino-3 5-diiodobenzoic acid, m.p. >350°, is 23 g. 

In a typical experiment 105 mg (0.50 mmol) of 3.8c, dissolved in a minimal amount of ethanol, and 100 mg (1.50 mmol) of 3.9 were added to a solution of 1.21g (5 mmol) of Cu(N03)2 BH20 and 5 mmol of ligand in 500 ml of water in a 500 ml flask. -Amino-acid containing solutions required addition of one equivalent of sodium hydroxide. When necessary, the pH was adjusted to a value of 5 ( -amino acids) and 7.5 (amines). The flask was sealed carefully and the solution was stirred for 2A hours, followed by extraction with ether. After drying over sodium sulfate the ether was evaporated. Tire endo-exo ratios were determined from the H-NMR spectra of the product mixtures as described in Chapter 2. 

This reaction, thoroughly studied for 2-aminopyridine (14, 15), has received less attention in the case of the thiazole nucleus. 2-Amino-4-methylthiazole is formed when 4-methylthiazole is heated with sodium amide for 15 hr at 150°C (16). This reaction was used to identify 2-amino-4-butylthiazok (17). 

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