Societal problem

As noted by Wolman ( 3), educational institutions are continually asked to prepare those who will search for solutions of societal problems. Problems in the real world do not separate nicely into "disciplines". We do not see the "botany problem", or the "meteorology problem", or the "chemical engineering problem", as such. Rather, we see a minor by-product from a facility designed by a chemical engineer. Released, it is transported by meteorological processes, and becomes of concern because a botanist foresees ecological damage as a consequence of its downwind presence. Thus while disciplines and departments in universities are an administrative convenience and provide a perhaps needed foundation for specialized research and education, educational institutions also must address problems which do not fit nicely into present disciplinary units. 

There is the widespread feeling that biosensors have been overpromoted. In fact, they have suddenly started to be praised as providing solutions to a wide variety of scientific and societal problems. To a great extent, such overpromotion has resulted from overoptimistic market projections by research bodies with little understanding of the tremendous problems still facing biosensors. Such projections are reported as facts in the media, which raises unrealistic expectations. 

The personal and social consequences of drug abuse are wide-reaching. Consequences of drug abuse affect all people and all ages. The impact of drug abuse is a complete societal problem that leaves no person in this country, either directly or indirectly, untouched. 

People who are addicted to opiates also have a number of societal problems. Maintaining meaningful employment is almost impossible for a person addicted to opiates. Likewise, maintaining stable relationships or... 

Substance abuse in general is a far-reaching societal problem, impacting personal relationships and health as well as crime, domestic violence, sexual assault, dropout rates, unemployment, and homelessness. It is also a factor in public health problems such as unwanted pregnancy, HIV/AIDS transmission, and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 

In summary, the current discourse on science implicitly takes a prescriptive stance and believes that research ought to be more interdisciplinary in order to be more successful at dealing with societal problems and supporting innovation and competitiveness. However, since you can t get an ought from an is, when an emergent field such as hybrid nanomaterials is presented as interdisciplinary, one cannot help but wonder is it really Or is it rather that there is an expectation (or desire ) that it become interdisciplinary ... 

Women have a societal problem that is not confined to chemistry or chemical engineering or to universities. Many women have low self-esteem, and a lot of them feel that no matter what they do, they are wrong. In other words, if they have a career and they have children, they are not doing a good job of either. On the other hand, if they stay home and raise their children, they are asked, Is that all you re doing This is a big problem, although I m not sure how we can solve it. 

The belief that Science can solve societal problems in acceptable time frames has been discounted by the public in recent years (], 2). This situation, according to D. S. Saxton ( 3), is a result of the. overreaching expectations that research.would visibly contribute to early solutions to difficult social problems. Since the total monetary resources available for studying such problems are limited, the effect of recent policy developments and legislation has been to increase support for applied studies with a resultant decrease in support of fundamental research. 

Green chemistry is most easily demonstrated in the laboratory since the theory is put into action however, integration should not be isolated only to the laboratory. As with any chemical theory, the best way to achieve student comprehension is to discuss the theory and then allow implementation in some form. In addition to laboratory exercises, other means of exposure to green chemistry principles can take the form of papers, group projects, or activities that allow students to relate chemistry to societal problems. Quite often the most effective method is to have the students make personal connections between a chemical topic and their own lives. It is only then that they begin to understand the relevance and importance of green chemistry in everyday life. 

This third prevention model is the most basic in principle. It takes a moral stance in addressing substance-use problems. The guiding theme is that if there is no use of the substance, then there can be no problem. If a person does use the substance, that use is not seen as a societal problem but instead as a product of a person s character flaw. The goals of the proscriptive model are prohibition of availability and abstention from use (Skirrow Sawka, 1987). 

The problem of environmental restoration, specifically the cleanup of contaminated soils and groundwaters, is one of the most important technical and societal problems we face today. To provide a background to this problem, the extent and cost, laws and regulations, important contaminants, and key issues in environmental restoration are discussed. A brief introduction to the role of separation science, in relation to environmental restoration, is also given. 

To get more concrete, melodramas on television such as ER and Chicago Hope focus on the lives of doctors and patients. Hospital bureaucracy, societal problems, love affairs, and the struggle for life are the story elements of these successful series. The characters are well defined, differentiated, and above all, very human. Hope, fear, passion, commitment, power, and powerlessness define the characters and their goals. But key to our involvement is that we in the audience know these people they are you and me. 

Karl Marx viewed religion as the opium of the people, a response to economic injustice. Moral problems were defined as societal problems. Religion was exploited by oppressors to make people tolerate being poor. The twentieth century was the bloodiest of all time, and is believed by many to have resulted from the decline of religious beliefs. 

Alcohol and Other Drug Issues Do Not Exist in Isolation from Other Societal Problems... 

The efficient separation and capture of COj from industrial waste streams is an important societal problem. Recently, ZIFs, for example, have demonstrated excellent CO selectivities in this regard [16,17]. At present there has been little progress in this area with MOPs, despite the clear potential for the... 

A lively literature has developed regarding these deviations and their significance (Evans 1989 Wickens 1992 Caverni et al. 1990 Klein et al. 1993). From one perspective, these deviations demonstrate inadequacies of human reason and are a source of societal problems (Hammond 1974). From the opposite perspective, it has been held that the above findings are more or less experimental... 

Injury is a major societal problem in the United States. Approximately 140,000 fatalities occur each year due to both intentional and unintentional injuries. Two thirds of these are unintentional, and of these, about one half are attributable to automotive-related injuries. In 1993, the estimated number of automotive-related fatahties dipped under 40,000 for the first time in the last three decades due to a continuing effort by both the industry and the government to render vehicles safer in crash situations. However, for people under 40 years of age, automotive crashes, falls, and other unintentional injuries are the highest risks of fatality in the United States in comparison with all other causes. 

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