Social indicators

Duncan, O. D. (1975). Does money buy satisfaction Social Indicators Research 2 267-74. 

Hazelrigg, L.E. and Hardy, M.A. (2000) Scaling the semantics of satisfaction. Social Indicators Research 49,147-180. 

Under this scheme the H-APS are assessed by a multi-criteria approach. With respective selection of the criteria comprising performance, environment, market and social indicators the assessment procedure is adapted for the assessment of the selected options of the hydrogen energy systems and their comparison with new and RES. 

An example under consideration could be hydrogen FC systems with three options including natural gas turbine, PV and wind energy systems representing different RES power plant option. These options are evaluated with the multicriteria method comprising the following indicators performance indicator, market indicator, environment indicator and social indicator. The indicators are composed... 

World Bank (1991). Social Indicators of Development 1990. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 

Of the three categories of sustainability performance measurement, the social area may be the most difficult to address. Where financial and environmental indicators lend themselves easily to quantitative performance measurement, many of the social issues that are the subject of performance measurement are not easily quantifiable (GRI, 2002). Social indicators must often rely on qualitative measures of the organization s operations. This is an area where further research will be needed. An example of the core social indicators and metrics from GRI s Sustainability Reporting Guidelines is illustrative of this difficulty ... 

The GRI Core Indicators are heavily weighted towards the social indicators, and less so towards environmental and economic indicators, respectively. Therefore, the GRI list of indicators may simply be a starting point for some organizations, and the environmental and economic indicators enhanced through the application of other indicators developed elsewhere. 

Once the financial, environmental, and social indicators and associated metrics have been developed, they may be used to assess an organization s sustainability performance through a sustainability audit, either internally by the organization, or by external stakeholders such as shareholders or environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).25... 

Recovering a dialectal view of rationality. Social Indicators Researcher 45 55-67. 

Social indicators include those related to ethics and human welfare, for example... 

The quantitative assessment of environmental impacts can be made using life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, which accounts for both inputs and emissions. LCA can be used to identify the major environmental impact categories and the sources of those impacts within a chemical processing plant. LCA can also be used to identify the major contributions to environmental impact within a product s life cycle. Impact scores derived from LCA can be used along with economic assessment scores and social indicators to provide indicators of overall sustainability of processes and products. Economic assessments are often limited through failure to account for all internal costs and especially the external costs associated with waste. 

Measure and monitor are the two central elements of accounting. The cited G3 Guidelines organize the sustainability performance indicators in economic, environmental and social categories. Social indicators are further categorized by labor, human rights, society, and product responsibility. Core indicators have been also identified, and are intended to identify generally applicable indicators. 

Tetteh W (2007) Social indicators. Research Paper 07/02. House of Commons Library, London... 

In general, the quality of social/ethical reporting falls below that of environmental reporting. In addition, the lack of standards creates difficulties with comparability. With limited agreement over the nature of social indicators or how to measure social performance there is a pressing case for greater convergence of the standard setters in this area. 

Social indicators include withdrawal, strain on relationships and increased marital and family conflicts. 

Social indicators, which consider the employment situation, the health and safety at work, the benefits/troubles for the community. 

Frederik, B., (2002). An overview and evaluation of composite indices of development,. Social Indicators Research 59 115-151. Netherlands, 115-151. 

The last section Applied Aspects of Membrane Gas Separation contains three chapters. Brunetti et al. start their contribution with a brief review of membrane materials and membranes used in gas separation and survey the main directions of industrial applications of gas separation (hydrogen recovery, air separation, etc.). In the second part of their chapter they present a new concept for comparison of membrane and other, more traditional, methods for gas separation. Their approach includes a consideration of engineering, economical, environmental and social indicators. Something similar had been written 15 years ago [2] but this analysis is now rather outdated. White (Chapter 15) focuses on a specific but very important problem in industrial gas separation membrane separation of natural gas. The main emphasis is on cellulose acetate based membranes that have the longest history of practical applications. This chapter also contains the results of field tests of these membranes and considers approaches how to reduce the size and cost of industrial membrane systems. The final chapter is an example of detailed engineering... 

Table 6.13 Values of Social Indicator for Sustainability Assessment...

Step 4 Select Economic, Environmental, and Social Indicators... 

From Table 11.4 it can be verified that the new retrofit design considerably improves the environmental aspects, but it does not have influence on the social indicators. 

In summary, LCSA is a hohstic approach to assess the life cycle sustainability of a product/service, which is inclusive for three pillars of sustainability. It overcomes the difficulty in quantifying social indicators to provide relatively indicative quantitative results. 

Technology assessment deals with interaction within man-machine-environment-systems and its time linkage in a manner quite different from other disciplines. Viewed in the context of the short and medium terms, social effects and reactions which deserve particular emphasis in safety science are dealt with. There are, however, often difficulties with doing justice to the problem, since connections are frequently unknown and corresponding measuring concepts are not extant. It is hoped, however, that the desired information basis can be created by means of social indicators, but this development is only beginning. 

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