Skin tumors vascular

The dorsal skin fold window model allows direct observation of tumor microvasculature (11). This model also permits longitudinal assessment of the tumor vascular response to therapy. An accurate systematic measurement of tumor blood vessels in the window model is the linear summation of blood vessels using Optimas software. This approach corrects for vascular dilation and hemorrhage. Quantification of red... 

Weninger, W., Uthman, A., Pammer, J., Pichler, A., Ballaun, C., Lang, I. M., Plettenberg, A., Bankl, H. C., Sturzl, M., and Tschachler, E. 1996. Vascular endothelial growth factor production in normal epidermis and in benign and malignant epithelial skin tumors. Lab. Invest. 75 647-657. 

Srivastava A, Laidler P, Davies RP, Horfan K. The prognostic significance of tumor vascularity in intermediate-thickness (0.76-4.0 mm thick) skin melanoma. A quantitative histologic study. Am J Pathol 1988 133 419-423. 

In other studies of the transport of macromolecules into tumor tissues. Yuan et al. measured the size of tumor vessel pores in LS174T human colon adenocarcinoma implanted in dorsal skin chambers in severe combined im-munodeficient mice [38]. They showed that tumor vascular pores could be as large as 0.4 jim in diameter [38]. Skinner et al [39] and Suzuki et al [40], as well as Hashizume et al. (who used electron microscopy) [46], in elegant work, identified structinal abnormalities in the endothelium of tumor blood vessels. These abnormahties included intercellular openings with a mean diameter of 1.7 jim (range, 0.3-4.7 jim) and transcellular holes with a mean diameter of 0.6 jim in mouse mammary carcinomas [45]. It should be noted that the effective diameter of 67-kDa serum albumin is 7.2 nm. Ohkouchi et al. used the Walker 256 solid tumor system to study the EPR effect of mitomycin C-dextran conjugates, and they confirmed a similarly increased uptake in soHd tumors [47]. 

Patterns of mesenchymal differentiation in cutaneous neoplasms are no less diverse than those encountered in deeper soft tissues. Fibroblastic or myofibroblastic, fibrohistiocytic, muscular, neural, epithelial, and vascular lesions may be seen as primary tumors in the dermis and subcutis. As is also true in deep soft tissues, the histologic evaluation of those neoplasms may fail to provide an unequivocal diagnosis. Hence immunophenotyping has proven to be valuable in this context. The diagnostic separation of various spindle-cell, polygonal-cell, epithelioid-cell, and small-cell lesions of the skin is assisted in many settings by immunohistochemical analysis. 

S-100 protein reactive, and a similar proportion of subcuticular tumors are labeled for CD57. It has been speculated that those findings reflect pilar-smooth muscular and vascular-smooth muscular differentiation, respectively. They have practical importance as well because of shared patterns of reactivity with peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the skin. Fortunately, few of the latter lesions are expected to exhibit positivity for myogenic markers, as seen in smooth muscle tumors. 

Perhaps because of the wide spectrum of morphologic images associated with vascular tumors of the skin, a great deal of attention has been paid to their immuno-... 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS irritation of skin and mucous membranes dermatitis rhinitis pharyngitis conjunctivitis skin lesions hyper-pigmentation gangrene of the extremities vascular lesions exfoliation herpes appearance of small corns or warts increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer lung cancer bladder and liver cancer tumors of mouth, esophagus, larynx, bladder, para nasal sinus liver or kidney damage lower than normal birth weights. 

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