Site Selection Phase

The site selection phase is only part of the planning process if the network design selected in the previous phase requires the selection of a new site for construction or the choice between several existing sites for expansion, closure or relocation. If a new plant is to be constructed in a country where the company already operates one or more sites, as previously discussed it will usually choose to locate the new plant at an existing site to realize economies of scale. A detailed model to support site selection will be developed in Chapter 4. 

The network design phase already determined the countries where plants should be located or closed. Thus, site selection takes place within an individual country. As the location factors pertinent to the site selection phase are different from those used in the network design phase, the first step again is to establish the relevant location factors. These are mostly of qualitative nature but also include quantitative factors such as local factor cost differences, property and construction costs. Findings from industrial location science (cf. Chap. 2.2.2) can be used as a starting point to define the location factors, but industry-, company- and project-specific factors 

If the number of alternatives identified is too large to perform a detailed evaluation for each, a pre-selection step should reduce the number of alternatives to 5-10 sites. A practical approach commonly used is a checklist approach to eliminate sites that do not meet a certain level defined for important location factors (cf. Wardrep 1985, p. 10). 

The evaluation process has to lead to a rank ordering of the alternative sites and a recommendation of where to locate the plant. Evaluation methods proposed in the context of site selection can broadly be grouped into 

Once the alternatives have been evaluated, again management has to choose the preferred site and approve the implementation project. 

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In the following chapters the individual phases of the planning process and the major activities taking place in each phase are outlined. The decision support tools proposed for the production network optimization phase and the site selection phase will be developed in Chapters 3 and 4 respectively. 

The additional capacity requires construction of a new plant. In this case location alternatives both within the value chain s existing network and outside this network have to be considered. Thus, a network design phase is required in all cases and a site selection phase if alternatives outside existing sites are to be considered. 

A relocation of production transfers production to a more suitable site where usually a new plant has to be built. Even if the value chain s other plants are not included in the project scope, locating the new plant requires a network design phase. A site selection phase might also be required if the new plant is not to be built at an existing site or several existing sites have to be considered. 

The need to evaluate production sites can arise in different situations. Most obviously, a network optimization project resulting in the decision to establish new production capacity may require a site selection phase in one or more countries (cf. Chap. 2.4.4). Depending on the status quo, the task either is to identify and evaluate potential production sites or to choose the most suitable one from a set of existing sites. Conversely, if capacity is to be reduced potential closure candidates might have to be assessed to identify the one least suitable for future use. Additionally, as pointed out in Chapter 2.4.5, a regular evaluation of all production sites is also required in the context of site controlling. Here the objective is to rank a company s entire portfolio of existing sites to identify action needs. 

Site Selection Phase 0/Phase 1 Project Execution Plan MPS Contracting... 

During site characterization phase, additional measurements are made to improve the preliminary assessment ofthe performance of the site, based. on the corresponding data/ knowledge gaps identified in the site selection phase. A static (descriptive) model is built and dynamic simulations are run to quantitatively assess the asset performance and the potential risks. At this stage, the aim of the characterization program is to provide enough information about subsurface properties and structure to evaluate with confidence... 

The potential for flooding is one of the site characteristics that should be evaluated during both the regional analysis of the site selection phase for a nuclear power plant development project and the site assessment phase, according to the general procedures set out in Ref. [1],... 

After the site selection phase, if it is established that there is a potential for flooding or for serious erosion at a site, a detailed study should be undertaken to detect the reference mechanism for site flooding and, therefore, to define the relevant design basis flood for the plant. A similar study should be carried out within the framework of a safety assessment of the plant. In this latter option, the data from the site monitoring system which has been in operation since the preliminary phase of site evaluation should have the highest priority. 

In the site selection phase, all upstream dams, existing or planned, should be considered for potential failure or faulty operation. Some may be eliminated from consideration because of their small storage volume, distance from the site or low differential head, or because of a major intervening natural or artificial capacity for water retention. A detailed investigation, as outlined... 

Once a site is specified, both direct and inhaled/digested dose will be addressed as part of the site-selection phase. 

Catalytic Properties. In zeoHtes, catalysis takes place preferentially within the intracrystaUine voids. Catalytic reactions are affected by aperture size and type of channel system, through which reactants and products must diffuse. Modification techniques include ion exchange, variation of Si/A1 ratio, hydrothermal dealumination or stabilization, which produces Lewis acidity, introduction of acidic groups such as bridging Si(OH)Al, which impart Briimsted acidity, and introducing dispersed metal phases such as noble metals. In addition, the zeoHte framework stmcture determines shape-selective effects. Several types have been demonstrated including reactant selectivity, product selectivity, and restricted transition-state selectivity (28). Nonshape-selective surface activity is observed on very small crystals, and it may be desirable to poison these sites selectively, eg, with bulky heterocycHc compounds unable to penetrate the channel apertures, or by surface sdation. 

For symmetric PS-fo-P4VP (20 000 19 000) diblock copolymer films with the wormlike phase separation structures, the TCPP-doped films were irradiated using one laser shot with a fluence of 150 mJ cm in air. The ablation phenomenon is observed for this irradiation fluence (Figure 12.5c and f), but it is difficult to conclude that this is a selective ablation of the doped-P4VP parts. We cannot deny the possibility that the decomposition of the P4VP parts affects the PS parts because of the existence of large interfaces between the two symmetric blocks in wormlike structures. Thus, for the site-selective ablation of diblock copolymer films, the surface morphology of the phase separation structures is one of the most important parameters. 

Normally, catalytic activity is expressed as the reaction rate per unit area of active surface (expressed as metre per gram) under given conditions. In a chemical reaction, catalytic conversion is defined as the fraction of reactants converted to products and selectivity is a function of the rate of formation of a desired product with respect to the overall conversion of the initial reactants. The reactant molecules transfer to the catalyst surface where adsorption may occur on an active site , with possible rearrangement of their bonds leading to a chemical adsorption (chemisorption), gas-catalyst reaction and the subsequent desorption of new species. The active site or phase is of high activity and selectivity for the desired products. Thus, the nature of the active sites is important. In many cases, it is not enough to have just activity. Selectivity to desired products is important and often modifiers or promoters are needed both to improve the... 

Miller and Scanlan described the first general on-resin method for site-selective N-methyl-ation at any position in a given peptide. 142 This method is compatible with Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and like the method of Kaljuste and Unden 140 (Section 10.1.2.1.1) avoids dimethylation of the amino termini and polymethylation of the peptide. 

While some of the Mississippian textiles are of similar structure to the Middle Woodland textiles, others are very complex materials and are lace-like in appearance. Many of the materials from Etowah are preserved by mineralization, and display green-colored deposits on their surfaces. Bast fiber, rabbit hair, and feathers have been identified (2, 11). The textiles from these two sites selected for analysis are representative of the complexity of structure and fineness of yarns seen in the materials they provide evidence of the sophisticated technology of prehistoric people in all phases of fiber collection, processing, yarn spinning, fabric manufacture and, when present, coloration. 

Chapter 4 covers the site selection and site controlling phase. Consequently, it deals with the assessment of individual production sites based on primarily qualitative criteria. Alternative Multiple Attribute Decision Analysis methods are reviewed and a decision support model employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process, which can be used both for site selection problems and as a controlling tool to perform site portfolio rankings of entire production networks, is proposed. Experiences from application in industry are reported. 

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