Sinclair Oil

AH corrosion inhibitors in use as of this writing are oil-soluble surfactants (qv) which consist of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon backbone and a hydrophilic functional group. Oil-soluble surfactant-type additives were first used in 1946 by the Sinclair Oil Co. (38). Most corrosion inhibitors are carboxyhc acids (qv), amines, or amine salts (39), depending on the types of water bottoms encountered in the whole distribution system. The wrong choice of inhibitors can lead to unwanted reactions. Eor instance, use of an acidic corrosion inhibitor when the water bottoms are caustic can result in the formation of insoluble salts that can plug filters in the distribution system or in customers vehicles. Because these additives form a strongly adsorbed impervious film at the metal Hquid interface, low Hquid concentrations are usually adequate. Concentrations typically range up to 5 ppm. In many situations, pipeline companies add their own corrosion inhibitors on top of that added by refiners. 

View of cracking stills at a Sinclair oil refiner/. (Corbis Corporation)... 

Motiva Enterprises LLC/Equilon Enterprises/Deer Park Refining (Shell) Navajo Refining Company and Montana Refining Company Sinclair Oil Co. 

Chevron, El Segundo, CA Sinclair Oil Company, Tulsa, OK ExxonMobil, Billings, MT... 

Sinclair Oil Depot. Expln St fire struck the Sinclair Oil. depot along the Brooklyn waterfront on 10 May 1962. The fire, which was finally brought under control after 3 hrs, sent dense black smoke billowing skyward. No injuries were reported (Ref 6)... 

The authors wish to express their gratitude to Sinclair Oil Co. for the Fellowship in Catalysis to the junior author (D. M). 

Sinclair, W. T., Morman, J., and Ennos, R. 1998. Multiple origins for Scots pine (Pinus sylves-tris L.) in Scotland evidence from mitochondrial DNA variation. Heredity 80 233-240. Skoula, M., Abidi, C. and Kokkalou, E. 1996. Essential oil variation of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in Crete (Greece). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 24 255-260. 

U S. Pais. 4.045.418. 4,057.537 i t977i, R.Ci Sinclair iro Gull Oil Curp.k Wood, B.. and PJ. Warner Cenriiex uf Lai lie Arid Baeieria. Kluwer Academic Puhhslicrs, Niirwell. MA. 2ti03. 

Maintenance of (Wooden) Cooling Towers in Modern Refineries Sinclair Refining Co. Gulf Oil Corp. Sherwood, P. W. 

McDonald Ml, Graham 1, Harvey KJ, Sinclair A. Antibacterial activity of hydrolysed linseed oil ad linolenic acid against 80. methicilUn-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 1981 2 1056. 

Oil yield, properties and ri-limonene content are affected by many aspects such as seasonal factors, ripening, soil types, climatic conditions, cultural practices, cultivar and varietal factors, scion and rootstock, etc. (Sinclair, 1984). Variation of oil content was also partially correlated with fruit size or peel thickness (Sinclair, 1984). Nitrogen fertilization increases the oil yield, while potassium fertilization had no significant effect on peel oil content (Sinclair, 1984). Limonene content of different kinds of citrus from different origins can be observed in Table 5.3. 

Juice extraction represents 55% (w/w) of the initial weight of oranges, whereas the essential oils and essences extracted constitute only 0.2-0.22% (Sinclair, 1984). The citrus juice industry can recover essential oils from different intermediate process steps to obtain limonene or crude essences. In Figure 5.2, the different possibilities for obtaining essential oils with different properties are summarized (Girard and Mazza, 1998 Braddock, 1999). 

During these same years Arco had developed its own polyethylene and polypropylene businesses and had also acquired the chemical division of Sinclair in a 1969 merger with that oil company, which had been a major... 

Pawlosky RJ, Salem N Jr. The metabolism of essential fatty acids in mammals. In Sinclair A, Gibson R, eds. The 3rd International Conference on Eicosanoids and Essential Fatty Acids. American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, IL, 1993, pp. 26-30. 

The precursors of both n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid and (/.-linolenic acid, respectively, are essential for mammals as they are required for normal physiological function and cannot be synthesized de novo (Holman, 1968). They can only be accumulated by placental transfer or by dietary intake. Once accretion of these fatty acids has occurred, metabolic, conservation and recycling pathways sustain them (B azan et al., 1994). Unlike mammals, plants can synthesize these precursor PUFAs (linoleic and a-linolenic acids) so they are found in abundance in the chloroplast membranes of plants, in certain vegetable oils, and in the tissues of plant-eating animals (Nettleton, 1991). The best sources of a-linolenic acid are vegetable oils, such as perilla (Yoshida et al., 1993) rapeseed (canola), linseed, walnut, and soybean (Nettleton, 1991). They are also abundant in shellfish, fish, and fish products and can be found in low amounts in green, leafy vegetables and baked beans (Nettleton, 1991 Sinclair, 1993). 

The metabolism of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs is interlinked, as they compete for enzymes and metabolic substrates at all levels. Therefore, relative as well as absolute dietary intake is relevant in the determination of tissue n-3 and n-6 fatty acid levels. The Western diet typically contains high levels of n-6 fatty acids, as these are components of most animal and vegetable fats. Dietary sources of n-3 PUFA are varied. The most plentiful sources are fish, shellfish, and marine products, which contain large amounts of EPA and DHA. Certain plant oils, such as rapeseed (canola), soybean, and perilla contain large amounts of LNA (Crawford Sinclair, 1972 Sinclair, 1975). Although beef and lamb do contain n-3 PUFAs, both the absolute content and the n-3 n-6 ratio of PUFAs within these meats is low. 

Yeast spot, caused by Nematospora coryli and N. lycopersici, can discolor soybean seed and lower oil content (Sinclair, 1999d). The mouth parts of several species of stink bug transmit these pathogens that infect the seed when the insect feeds on the embryo (Sinclair, 1999c, Russin Boethel, 1994). Early infection during pod development may lead to pod abortion while later feeding can lead to light- or cream-colored... 

Oil crops, such as sunflower (C3) and peanuts (C3), convert only about 42% of their sugars into plant mass (Sinclair, 2009). Thus,... 

Connor, W ., Lin, D.S., Neuringer, M., Reisbick, S., and Anderson, GJ. (1992) The Comparative Importance of Prenatal and Postnatal n-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency Repletion at Birth and After, in Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids Invited Papers from the Third International Conference (Sinclair, A., and Gibson, R., eds.) pp. 156 160, American Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, IL. 

We can start one thread in 1955, when the Texas Butadiene and Chemical Corporation bought the LyondeU Country Club in Channelview, Texas, and built a plant on that site. Sinclair Petrochemicals then purchased the Channelview site in 1962. Atlantic Refining Company and Richfield Oil Corporation formed Atiantic Richfield (ARCO) in 1966, which merged in 1969 with Sinclair, so the Channelview... 

---