Potassium fertilization

Some compounds of the s-block elements are important industrial chemicals, too. For example, more than 1.4 billion kilograms of K2 CO3 (potassium carbonate, whose common name is potash), is produced in the United States each year. This compound, which is obtained from mineral deposits, is the most common source of potassium for fertilizers. Fertilization with potassium is necessary because this element is essential for healthy plant growth. Moreover, potassium salts are highly soluble in water, so potassium quickly becomes depleted from the soil. Consequently, agricultural land requires frequent addition of potassium fertilizers. 

Applications of Fertilizers for Control of Rice Diseases. In general, the application of fertilizers cannot be relied upon to solve all our major rice disease problems however, the application of properly balanced fertilizers reduces the severity of certain major diseases. Work on stem rot (Leptosphaeria salvinii Catt.) in Arkansas (3) and Japan (26) shows that the severity of stem rot can be reduced by increasing the potassium levels of soils in the problem areas. In Arkansas it has been shown that the application of nitrogenous fertilizer significantly increases stem rot severity, whereas the application of potassium fertilizer alone or in combination with nitrogenous fertilizers decreases stem rot severity. Consequently, in Arkansas the application of potassium fertilizer is widely practiced for stem rot control. 

What to do Do not overfeed with nitrogen-rich fertilizers. Use a potassium fertilizer if rust is a regular problem. Improve the drainage of soil if necessary. Use a crop rotation. Grow more resistant leek cultivars such as Poristo and Poribleu. Do not overcrowd seedlings. Clear away and compost any diseased plant debris. 

Sans Scovino, J.l. and Rowell, D.L. 1988. The use of feldspars as potassium fertilizers in the savannah of Colombia. Fertilizer Research 17 71-83. 

Potassium fertilizers are prepared from Ihe potassium minerals previously mentioned. The ores arc crushed, bcneliciated. crystallized, and dried... 

Sulfates. Potassium sulfate. [CAS 7778-80-5], sulfate of potash, K2.SO4, white solid, soluble. Common constituent of potassium salt minerals. Used (l)as an important potassium fertilizer, (2) in the preparation of potassium or potash alums potassium hydrogen sulfate, KHSO4, white solid, soluble potassium pyrosulfate. K2S2O7, white solid, soluble, formed by heating potassium hydrogen sulfate to complete loss ot H2O. See also Fertilizer. 

Phosphorus containing fertilizers Phosphates are the basic substances in these fertilizers. Phosphorus is also essential for plants. Phosphorus compounds are produced by powdering rock phosphate and adding sulfuric acid to it. The resulting products - phosphoric acid and calcium salts (from the rock) are directly applied to the soil to increase its phosphorus content. Potassium fertilizers examples Potassium chloride, Potassium nitrate etc. A complete fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a fixed ratio. This is called NPK fertilizer. 

For abbreviations see Table 14.2. U, unfertilized NPK, mineral nitrogen + phosphate + potassium fertilizer. 

Potassium contributes to the formation of sugars, carbohydrates, proteins and to cell division adjusts water balance enhances the flavor, color, and oil content of fruits and is very important for leafy crops. Potassium deficiency produces a spotted, curled, or burned appearance to leaves and lowers crop yields. Potassium fertilizers are applied in the following forms potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and wood ash. 

Fig. 16.4 Nitrate (dots) and chloride (circles) in groundwater of a well (no. 7) in a nonirrigated area, and wells (nos. 8 and 9) located in an irrigated area, Hancock Experimental Farm. Irrigation caused an increase in nitrate and chloride, caused by nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, the latter containing Cl (KC1). The quality of water was restored because of a decrease in farming activities. (From Saffinga and Keeney, 1977.)...

Figure 4 Schematic flowsheet of unit producing dinoptilolite-based potassium fertilizer from seawater. Fj and F2 clinoptilolite filters serve for potassium preconcentration and fertilizer production, respectively R1-R3 recuperators provide heating/cooling to solutions under treatment.

Mesocarp—fruit ratio is largely genetically determined and is little affected by environmental factors. Fruit—bunch ratio depends mainly on the efficiency of pollination. Oil-mesocarp ratio depends in part on the ripeness of the fruit, since oil is only synthesized during the later stages of fruit development. There is also considerable variation in oil-mesocarp of bunches from the same progeny harvested at different times of the year (23). It has also been shown that application of potassium fertilizer leads to a reduction in the oil-bunch ratio (24) but the increase in fruit yield in response to potassium was more than enough to compensate for the reduced oil-bunch ratio. 

Kapusta, E.C., 1968. Potassium fertilizer technology. In V.J. Kilmer, S.E. Younts and N.C. Brady (Editors). The Role of Potassium in Agriculture. The American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 23—50. 

Oil yield, properties and ri-limonene content are affected by many aspects such as seasonal factors, ripening, soil types, climatic conditions, cultural practices, cultivar and varietal factors, scion and rootstock, etc. (Sinclair, 1984). Variation of oil content was also partially correlated with fruit size or peel thickness (Sinclair, 1984). Nitrogen fertilization increases the oil yield, while potassium fertilization had no significant effect on peel oil content (Sinclair, 1984). Limonene content of different kinds of citrus from different origins can be observed in Table 5.3. 

Urea is used as a feed supplement for cattle, up to 8 lb/yr per head of cattle. In liquid fertilizers, urea raises the upper limit for stable nitrogen solutions. In solids it prevents caking due to the formation of ammonium chloride in mixtures of ammonium and potassium fertilizers. Ureaforms which are condensates of urea and formaldehyde, can be used as time-release fertilizers when it is desired to release fertilizing urea at a controlled rate, such as on a golf course [8]. The main use of solid, prilled urea is as side-dressing. 

In fact, sodium-containing potassium fertilizers may only be used on light soils that support animal nutrition. 

Fardeau JC, Poss R and Saragoni H (1992) Effect of potassium fertilization on K-cycling in different agrosystems. In Anonymous, ed. Potassium in Ecosystems. 23rd Colloquium of the International Potash Institute, International Potash Institute, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 59-78. 

The accumulation of rubidium by plants is influenced by the soil pH value, plant species and plant age, potassium fertilization and, to a lesser degree, by phosphorus fertilization. Dicotyledonous plants accumulate greater amounts of rubidium as compared to monocotyledonous plants (Kosla et al. 2001a). 

Chien, S.H., Carmona, G., Prochnow, L.I., Austin, E.R., 2003. Cadmium availability from granulated and bulk-blended phosphate-potassium fertilizers. 1. Envir. Qual. 32, 1911-1914. 

Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics flotation agent corrosion inhibitor stripping agent for paints mold release agent for rubber and plastics anticaking agent in potassium fertilizers in textiles, water treatment, concrete, asphalt, ceramics, paints, metals, rubber, plastics, agric. Trade Names Armeen C Armeen CD... 

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