Pulsed discharges

Most ion-molecule techniques study reactivity at pressures below 1000 Pa however, several techniques now exist for studying reactions above this pressure range. These include time-resolved, atmospheric-pressure, mass spectrometry optical spectroscopy in a pulsed discharge ion-mobility spectrometry [108] and the turbulent flow reactor [109]. 

Figure 36. Pulse discharge characteristics of the 2CR5 lithium-manganese dioxide battery.

However, the Pt anode is seriously poisoned by trace amounts of carbon monoxide in reformates (fuel gas reformed from hydrocarbon), because CO molecules strongly adsorb on the active sites and block the HOR [Lemons, 1990 Igarashi et ah, 1993]. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to develop CO-tolerant anode catalysts and cell operating strategies to suppress CO poisoning, such as anode air-bleeding or pulsed discharging. 

NOE Nuclear Overhauser PDECD Pulse discharge electron-capture... 

Fig. 3. Pulsed discharge radical source with two ring electrodes and pulsed high voltage.

Li J, Sato M, Ohshima T (2007) Degradation of phenol in water using a gas-liquid phase pulsed discharge plasma reactor. Thin Solid Films 515 4283-4288... 

Figure 5. ASI vs. DOD for cell using surface treated natural graphite SLC1015 as anode in 1.2MLiPF6, EC/PC/MEC (30 30 40 wt%). Pulse discharge at 10C rate.

Pulsatile drug delivery systems, 9 57-61 Pulsating heat pipes (PHP), 13 235-236 Pulse combustion heat sources, 9 104-105 Pulse cycles, 9 778 Pulsed baffle reactors, 15 709-710 Pulsed discharge detector (PDD) gas chromatography, 4 614 Pulsed dye lasers, 23 144 Pulsed electrochemical machining (PECM), 9 604-605... 

Selective synthesis of acetylene (>90%) from methane was accomplished by microwave plasma reactions.568 Conversion of methane to acetylene by using direct current pulse discharge was performed under conditions of ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure.569 The selectivity of acetylene was >95% at methane conversion levels ranging from 16 to 52%. In this case oxygen was used to effectively remove deposited carbon and stabilize the state of discharge. Similar high... 

Thrush and Zwolenik163 passed a dc pulse discharge through fluorocarbon vapors and, from the observation of predissociation in the absorption spectra, deduced upper limits of 132 and 120 kcal/mole, respectively, for D C—F and D CF—F. This upper limit for D C—F is 18 kcal/mole greater than deduced by Andrew and Barrow54 from a Birge-Sponer extrapolation. 

Fig. 4.13 Pulse discharge characteristics of the cell in Fig, 4,12 for 1A pulses (2 s lon 18 s off) for temperatures from -20 to 45°C. (By permission of National/Panasonic.)...

Fehsenfeld et a].137 used a pulsed-discharge, reaction-flow system at 300°K to study the reaction of O with NO. They found the reaction... 

These processes occur at thermal energies in the afterglow of a pulsed discharge and probably involve curve crossings. The resultant electronically excited states of Kr+ and Xe+ lead to several laser lines in the range of 512.8 to 431.9 nm and 609.5 to 486.4 nm, respectively. 

Disilene and its isomer silylsilylene were neither available by standard vacuum flash pyrolysis of precursors 59-63, nor by the more elaborate method of pulsed flash pyrolysis of 60-63, a pulsed discharge in mixtures of argon and mono- and disilane74 or by the matrix photolysis of educts 59-66 using various light sources (Hg lamps, excimer laser)69,70,72, the microwave discharge in disilane 66 or the cocondensation of silicon atoms with SiFLt. 

Figure 5. Observed change in the elemental surface composition of hydrocarbon-covered 304 stainless steel and Inconel as a function of exposure to hydrogen discharge cleaning. The stainless steel sample was exposed to glow discharge cleaning in the PDXTokamak (Ref. 37J and the Inconel sample was exposed to pulse discharge cleaning in the TFR Tokamak. Key , C SS substrate A, O SS substrate ...

The times of the complete oxidation of alkanes with oxygen or air under the action of nanosecond pulsed discharges have been determined 222 The kinetics of liquid-phase oxidation of isomeric methoxy(l-methylethyl)benzenes with oxygen to the corresponding hydroperoxides has been studied. The overall activation energies of the oxidation and initiating properties of some of the hydroperoxides were determined 223... 

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