Short inulin effects

FOS and oligofuctose are fructose oligomers that are either produced by enzymic conversion of sugar or extracted from chicory, as inulin, and then hydrolysed. These products behave as soluble fibres and prebiotics. In acid conditions, they can hydrolyse, but are usually sufficiently stable for short-shelf-life juices, near-water products with low acid levels or powdered soft drinks. Prebiotic activity varies with preparation and required daily dose can be as low as 2.5-5.0 g/day for shorter chain FOS preparations (DP 2 1). Some positive effects on magnesium absorption and calcium absorption (in some populations) have also been shown (Beghin Meiji, 2001). 

Inulin and fructooligosaccharides are more effective at lowering serum levels of lipids (triglycerides) than cholesterol, with inulin more effective than short-chain fructooligosaccharides in... 

Infusions of AmB, intravenously or into the renal artery, induce short-term reduction in renal blood flow (RBF) and GFR, and an increase in renal vascular resistance, in both rats and dogs [83-85]. The effects of short term infusions of AmB on the renal microcirculation in rats revealed that the single nephron GFR was decreased by 2 mechanisms (Table 1) 1) a decrease in single nephron plasma flow, due to vasoconstriction of the afferent and efferent arterioles, and 2) a reduction in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf), an effect probably mediated by mesangial cell contraction [86]. Previous micropuncture studies demonstrated a similar vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole but also an increased permeability of the tubular epithelium to inulin [75]. Thus, the reduction in GFR after acute AmB infusions can be attributed to contraction of afferent smooth muscle cells, efferent smooth muscle cells and glomerular mesangial cells, as well as increased tubular permeability with back-leak... 

In this chapter we will start with a section on the raw materials used to produce HMI, the possible production methods of this product and its safety. The second section will give a short description of the solution properties of long-chain inulin and HMI. This is followed by a section on the interfacial properties of HMI at the air/liquid, liquid/liquid and solid/liquid interfaces. Particular attention will be given in describing the effectiveness of HMI as a stabilizer for various disperse systems, e.g. emulsions, nanoemulsions and latexes. The application of HMI in the formulation of emulsions, latex dispersions and nano-emulsions will be described in subsequent sections. 

Rehman H., P. Hellweg, D. Taras, J. Zentek, 2008. Effects of dietary inulin on the intestinal short chain fatty acids and microbial ecology in broiler chickens as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Poultry Sci. 87, 783-789. 

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