Shigella vaccine

V. Damjanovic, Kinetics of thermal death and prediction of the stabilities of freeze-dried streptomycin-dependent live Shigella vaccines. J. Biol. Stand. 2 297-311, 1974. 

Ranallo, R.T., Barnoy, S., Thakkar, S., et al. (2006) Developing live Shigella vaccines using lambda Red recombineering. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 47, 462-469. 

Pozsgay, V. (1998) Synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines against Shigella dysenteriae type 1. J. Org. Chem. 63, 5983-5999. 

Orr N, Robin G, Cohen D, Arnon R, Lowell GH Immunogenicity and efficacy of oral or intranasal Shigella flexneri 2a and Shigella sonnei proteosome-lipopolysaccharide vaccines in animal models. Infect Immun 1993 61 2390-2395. 

F. tularensis [18] and Shigella flexneri [19]. Once immunoreactive proteins are identified, these proteins are evaluated for their potential as vaccine candidates using a multifaceted algorithm [11]. An overall strategy in proteomics-based vaccine discovery is presented in Fig. 12.2. 

X. Peng, X. Ye, and S. Wang. Identification of Novel Immunogenic Proteins of Shigella Flexneri 2a by Proteomic Methodologies. Vaccine, 22(2004) 2750-2756. 

The trichloroacetimidate method has also found wide applications in the synthesis of various complex oligosaccharides. In the course of the development of chemically defined glycoconjugate vaccines against shigellosis, a decasaccharide, corresponding to two consecutive repeating units of the O-specifk polysaccharide of Shigella... 

Taylor, D.N., Trofa, A.C., Sadoff, J., Chu, C., Bryla, D., Shiloach, J., Cohen, D., Ashkenazi, S., Lerman, Y., Egan, W., Schneerson, R., Robbins, J.B. Synthesis, characterization, and clinical evaluation of conjugate vaccines composed of the O-specific polysaccharides of Shigella dysen-teriae type 1, Shigella flexneri type 2a, and Shigella sonnei (Plesiomonas shigelloides) bound to bacterial toxoids. Infect Immun 61 (1993) 3678-3687. 

Formulations for the purpose of administering vaccines to the nasal mucosa have also been extensively investigated. To date, only one product of nasal spray for protection against influenza is marketed, and several other vaccines, such as tetanus, shigella, and meningococcus, are under clinical stages. 

K. N. Guzman, C.A. Towards a vaccine candidate against shigella dysenteriae 1 expression of the shiga toxin B-sub-unit in an attenuated shigella flexneri AroD carrier strain. Microbial Pathogenesis 1996, 21, 277-288. 

Oligosaccharide mimics of the O-antigens of many bacterial pathogens, including E. coli [236], Helicobacter pylori [237], Shigella flexneri [238,239] and Vibrio cholerae [240,241] have been synthesized and evaluated for use in antibacterial vaccines (O Fig. 16). 

F. Belot, C. Guerreiro, F. Baleux, and L. A. Mulard, Synthesis of two linear PADRE conjugates bearing a deca- or pentadecasaccharide B epitope as potential synthetic vaccines against Shigella flexneri serotype 2a infection, Eur. J. Chem., 11 (2005) 1625-1635. 

Ryd, M., Verma, N. and Lindberg, A.A. (1992) Induction of a humoral immune response to a Shiga toxin B subunit epitope expressed as a chimeric LamB protein in a Shigella flexneri live vaccine strain. Microb Pathog, 12, 399 07. 

Antimotility agents such as diphenoxylate are not recommended because they can worsen bacillary dysentery and could be involved in the development of toxic dilatation of the colon. Oral vaccines currently in development contain attenuated strains of Shigella and provide protection against shigellosis in human challenges. ... 

Kotloff KL, Winickoff B, Ivanoff JD, et al. Global burden of Shigella infections Implications for vaccine development and implementation. Bull WHO 1999 77 651-656. 

Katz DE, Coster TS, Wolf MK, et al. Two studies evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of alive, attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine (SC602) and excretion of vaccine organisms in North American volunteers. Infect Immun 2004 72 923-930. 

L Kotloff, IP Nataro, GA Losonsky, SS Wasserman, TL Hale, DN Taylor, IC Sadoff, MM Levine. A modified Shigella volunteer challenge model in which inoculum is administered with bicarbonate buffer clinical experience and experience for Shigella infectivity. Vaccine 13 1448-1494, 1995. 

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