Shigella dysenteriae

Specific bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli (681, 896, 899), Staphylococcus aureus (681, 896), Cocci (900), Shigella dysenteriae (681), Salmonella ryphi (681), Proteus vulgaris (681), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (681), Streptococcus (889, 901, 902) and Pneumococcus (901-904). 

Some of the pathogens in Table 2, infect only humans (e.g., Vibrio cholerae. Salmonella typhi. Shigella dysenteriae, poliovirus, hepatitis A virus), whereas others, known as zoonotic, infect both humans and animals Salmonella no thypi. Shigella no dysenteriae, Campylobacter, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli such as for example the biotype 0157 H7, Cryptosporidium, etc.). The control of those that only infect humans is easier than the control of the zoonotic ones. Thus, some of them (S, typhi, S. dysenteriae, poliovirus, etc.) have practically been eradicated in many developed countries, whereas the eradication, and even the control below certain levels, of the zoonotic ones is a very difficult task. 

Cyclic acetals of pyruvic acid are common in extracellular polysaccharides (compare, for example, Ref. 6). They have also been found in some LPS, namely, those from Shigella dysenteriae type 6 and E. coli 0-149 (Ref. 139), and in the teichoic acid from Brevibacterium iodinum. The biosynthesis of these acetals has already been discussed. 

Shigella dysenteriae ShuA ShuT ShuU ShuV Haem Wyckoff et ah, 1998... 

The first of the haem uptake systems to be characterized at molecular level was that of Yersinia enterolitica, which closely resembles a typical siderophore uptake system (Stojiljkovic and Hantke, 1992, 1994), including a TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor for haem, a periplasmic binding protein, and a cytoplasmic membrane transport system. There also seems to be a protein that degrades haem and liberates haem iron within the cell. TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor proteins for haem have been cloned and sequenced from Shigella dysenteriae and E. coli (Mills and Payne, 1995 Torres and Payne, 1997), while in Vibrio cholera two genes are required for haem utilization, one an outer membrane receptor a second which may have a TonB-like function (Henderson and Payne, 1994). 

Pozsgay, V. (1998) Synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines against Shigella dysenteriae type 1. J. Org. Chem. 63, 5983-5999. 

The specific polysaccharide of the dominant O somatic antigen of Shigella dysenteriae has been shown to be electrophoretically and ultra-centrifugally homogeneous, and to possess a molecular weight of 26,000 from sedimentation and diffusion measurements.2601... 

Ghosh DK, Mandal A, Chaudhuri J (1992) Purification and partial characterization of two azoreductases from Shigella dysenteriae type 1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 98 229-234... 

Ribosome inactivating cytotoxic protein that irreversibly inhibits protein synthesis in cells, causing cell death. It is a solid obtained from bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae). 

Sudha, P. S., Devaraj, H., and Devaraj, N. (2001). Adherence of Shigella dysenteriae 1 to human colonic mucin. Curr. Microbiol. 42, 381-387. 

Lee, T.Y. Makino, K. Shinagawa, H. Amemura, M. Nakata, A. Phosphate regulon in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae comparison of the phoB-phoR operons of Escherichia coli. Shigella dysenteriae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol., 171, 6593-6599 (1989)... 

The O-polysaccharides of Shigella dysenteriae are structurally very distinct from those of the S. flexneri [20] and have been the subject of synthetic studies in which a branched pentasaccharide of the serotype 2 antigen was prepared [96],... 

A considerable synthetic effort has been expended upon the O-antigens of the Shigella flexneri repeating units, especially those of variant Y and X, and the serogroup 5a and 5b structures. A notable synthesis of the Shigella dysenteriae structure has also been accomplished. 

In addition to the kinds of activity enumerated above, the highly methoxylated bioflavonoids exhibit a rather strong antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral activity (82-86). The compounds have shown inhibitory activity against organisms such as E. coll, Typhi, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella Dysenteriae, Staphylococcus, B. Abortus Bang, influenza Virus A and rhinoviruses. Some of the compounds were active in concentrations as low as 2.5 pg per liter. 

B. A. Dmitriev, Y. A. Knirel, N. K. Kochetkov, and I. L. Hofman, Somatic antigens of Shigella. Structural investigation on the O-specific polysaccharide chain of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide, Eur. J. Biochem., 66 (1976) 559-566. 

B. A. Dmitriev and N. K. Kochetkov, Relation of the structure of the specific polysaccharides of the somatic antigens of the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae to immunochemical properties, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 245 (1979) 765-768. 

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