Epitope expression

As the specificity and availability of the target epitope expressed by the tumour cells are important determinants for therapeutic outcome, the most interesting antigenic targets will be discussed below. 

Turpen, T.H., Reinl, S.J., Charoenvit, Y., Hoffman, S.L., Fallarme, V., and Grill, L.K. (1995). Malarial epitopes expressed on the surface of recombinant tobacco mosaic virus. Biotechnology 13 53-57. 

Vaccines generally used sialylated (s)Tn, which are mucin epitopes expressed on epithelial tumors, conjugated with KLH. This vaccine was commercialized as Theratope (Biomira Inc., Edmonton, Canada). In a phase I study O Boyle et al. [199] injected the vaccine to colorectal cancer patients. Toxicity was only local, and an antibody response was observed. 

Kannenberg, E.L., Perotto, S., Bianciotto, V. Rathbum, E.A., Brewin, N.J., lipopolysaccharide epitope expression of Rhizobium bacteroids as revealed by in situ immunolabelling of pea root nodule sections. J Bacteriol 176 (1994) 2021-2032. 

Leclerc C, Charbit A, Martineau P, Deriaud E, Hofnung M, The cellular location of a foreign B cell epitope expressed by recombinant bacteria determines its T cell-independent or T cell-dependent characteristics, J. Immunol., 147 3545-3552, 1991. 

Malmborg A-C, Soderlind E, Frost L, Borrebaeck CAK, Selective phage infection mediated by epitope expression on F pilus, J. Mol. Biol., 273 544-551, 1997. 

This technique represents an innovative method to isolate antibodies against novel membrane molecules and epitopes expressed in their native conformation and allows the identification of new tissue-specific targeting molecules. From this point of view, this approach opens a new perspective in phage display technology and represents the first key step toward in vivo application. 

Ryd, M., Verma, N. and Lindberg, A.A. (1992) Induction of a humoral immune response to a Shiga toxin B subunit epitope expressed as a chimeric LamB protein in a Shigella flexneri live vaccine strain. Microb Pathog, 12, 399 07. 

Gereben B, Leuheiber K, Rausch WD, et al. Inverse hierarchy of vimentin epitope expression in primary cultures of chicken and rat astrocytes A double immunofluorescence study. Neurobiology. 1998 6 141-150. 

Rheumatoid factors are autoantibodies directed against epitopes expressed in the Fc region of IgG. Although most patients with rheumatoid arthritis show a heterogenous population of rheumatoid factors, a common specificity has been detected in most rheumatoid sera. This antibody is of the IgM class and reacts with the Ch2-Ch3 interface region, showing many features in common with protein A binding [74]. 

Besides the merits of coordination complexes for diagnostic imaging, few applications of tumor diagnosis are in clinical use. The need for radiotracers binding specifically to epitopes expressed on tumor cells has grown over the past decade, promoting new labeling techniques, by which technetium is attached to biomolecules. 

Katz, F., Moats, W. and Jan, Y.N. (1988) A carbohydrate epitope expressed uniquely on the cell surface of Droso-... 

Large antigenic complex, polypeptide, peptide, denaturable, single epitope expressed, multiple epitopes expressed... 

Matsumoto S, Imaeda Y, Umemoto S, Kobayashi K, Suzuki H, Okamoto T. Cimetidine increases survival of colorectal cancer patients with high leveb of sialyl Lewis-X and sialyl Lewis-A epitope expression on tumour celb. BrJ Cancer (2002) 86,159-60. 

Schweda, E. K., Li, J., Moxon, E. R. and Richards, J. C. Structural analysis of hpopolysaccharide oligosaccharide epitopes expressed by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 176. Carbohydr Res, 337, 409, 2002. 

Recently, in cooperation with Eugene Koren and Pierre Alaupovic, we have developed new methodologies for what we call the molecular analysis of lipoprotein particles. This report briefly presents an inununoenzymometric assay which allows the separation of particles according to their apolipoprotein composition or according to epitope expression of one apolipoprotein on their surface. 

Separation of Apo-B Containing Particles According to the Epitope Expression of One Apolipoprotein in Their Surface... 

Millet, R, M. L. Kalish, W. E. Colhns and R. L. Hunter, 1992, Effect of adjuvant formulations on the selection of B-ceU epitopes expressed by a malaria peptide vaccine. Vaccine 10 547-550. 

Pervin KCA, Shinnick T, Mizydiima Y, et al. T cells epitope expression of myco-hacterial and homologous human 65-kilodalton heat shock protein peptides in short term cell hnes from patients with Behget s disease. J Immunol 1993 151 2273-2282. 

The most important consideration when deciding on the test species is epitope expression. Binding studies with human tissues will help to define the cells and tissues expressing the epitope and, ideally, the test species should show the same pattern of expression. 

In vitro tissue binding screens play a pivotal role in the safety evaluation of MAbs. For a human MAb, a panel of human tissues is routinely screened for epitope expression. A screen of animal tissues is also of value in providing information on the appropriate animal species for in vivo safety evaluation. However, there are differences of opinion with regard to the extent of tissue screening... 

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