Glycoconjugate vaccines

Recent applications of HPAEC-PAD are many and varied. A representative list includes quantitation of polyglucose metabolites in plasma of dialysis patients,148 analysis of heat-treated milk,149 carbohydrate content in lipopolysaccharides,150 phosphorylated sugars in tissue samples,151 composition of soybean meal,152 carbohydrate composition of recombinant modified tissue plasminogen activator,153 analysis of cyclization products from an enzyme reaction,154 carbohydrate content of glycoconjugate vaccines,155 and monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.156... 

Pozsgay, V. (1998) Synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines against Shigella dysenteriae type 1. J. Org. Chem. 63, 5983-5999. 

The trichloroacetimidate method has also found wide applications in the synthesis of various complex oligosaccharides. In the course of the development of chemically defined glycoconjugate vaccines against shigellosis, a decasaccharide, corresponding to two consecutive repeating units of the O-specifk polysaccharide of Shigella... 

Wu, X. and Bundle, D.R. (2005) Synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines for Candida albicans using novel linker methodology. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 70, 7381-7388. 

Glycoconjugate vaccines from other capsular polysaccharides are in preclinical or clinical evaluation steps for Group B Streptococcus, Salmonella typhi. Shigellosis, Cholera, and Staphylococcus aureus. 

The field is actually in a good position to contribute to the development of bacterial polysaccharide glycoconjugate vaccines. Numerous fragments of capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, or other bacterial carbohydrates have been synthesized and their protein conjugates obtained [87]. 

They supply valuable information on the influence of saccharide size and structure on immuno-genicity. The use of s)uithetic oligosaccharides in the development of glycoconjugate vaccines for human use is, however, a very complex task far beyond a laboratory synthesis of a given oligosaccharide and oligosaccharide-protein conjugate. 

For anti-Hib vaccine, s)mthetic chemistry was compelled to reach the efficiency level attained during the production of the glycoconjugate vaccine from natural CPS. The contribution of several groups [149] to the synthesis of Hib-oligosaccharides paved the way for further improvement. A simplified synthesis of the repeating disaccharide unit and chain elongation process in one step through a polycondensation reaction were essential achievements before further developments and clinical evaluation were possible (see O Scheme 6). The synthetic... 

Several new glycoconjugate vaccines have recently been approved, including those made from Pneumococcal, Haemophilus B, and Typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharides. This type of carbohydrate-based drug involves carbohydrate natural products isolation and serves as an example for synthetic oligosaccharide gly-coconjugates in research and development. 

Four-component fully synthetio glycoconjugate vaccines 112... 

Three-component fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines... 

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