Sheep milk

South Uist in the Outer Hebrides. A number of positive results were obtained and these compared well with the analysis of the fatty acids. However, some samples gave a negative result for ocsl-casein but a positive one for milk fat based on the A13C value. The possibility exists that some of the residues represent sheep milk (which would give a negative result for bovine asi-casein), or that in some cases the casein molecule is degraded with consequent depletion of the immunological response. 

A direct mass spectrometric method for simultaneous detection of five benzimidazoles including levamisole, thiabendazole, mebendazole, fenbendazole, and febantel in sheep milk was reported (377). The method, which involves injection of crude milk extracts and selection and collision of the most abundant ionic species obtained under electron impact ionization, was highly sensitive and rapid. Another direct mass spectrometric approach for rapid and quantitative determination of phenothiazine in milk was also described (323). This method involves an extraction step using a Cig microcolumn disc, followed by thermal desorption of the analyte from the disc directly into an ion trap mass spectrometer. 

Rangappa, K. S. 1964. Refractive index of human, goat, and sheep milk. Ind. J. Dairy Sci. 7, 137-138. 

Uotila, M. (1996) Goat and sheep milk cheeses detection of adulterations. Thesis, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 

P. Van Dael, H. Deelstra, Selenium distribution over protein fractions of human, cow, goat and sheep milk, in P. Bratter, B. Ribas, P. Schramel (eds), Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 6, Consejo Superior de Investigationes Cientificas, Madrid, 1994, pp. 321-330. 

Female sheep, transgenic for the human factor IX gene, have been cloned. The human gene is coupled to the promoter for the ovine (sheep) milk protein /S-Iactoglobulin thus they secrete large amounts of human factor IX in their milk, which can be purified for human therapy. 

The specific attribute of the production of Slovenska bryndza is the crushing and milling of matured lump cheese in a cutting machine and then in a cylinder mill with the different speeds of the cylinders, then cheese is mixed with salt or a saturated salt solution to process the ingredients into a delicate, spreadable cheese. This specific procedure diversifies Slovenska bryndza from other sheep cheese products made in other countries. Characteristic sensory properties originate from the natural microflora present in the lump sheep cheese, which is produced from raw sheep milk using a specific production technique. 

Laukova A, Czikkova S (1999) The use of enterocin CCM 4231 in soy milk to control the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 87 182-186 Laukova A, Czikkova S (2001) Antagonistic effect of enterocin CCM 4231 from Enterococcus faecium on bryndza , a traditional Slovak dairy product from sheep milk. Microbiol Res 156 31-34... 

Other recombinant versions of gastric lipases are available from yeast. Pseudomonas and filamentous fungi [369]. Sheep milk-derived human bile salt-stimulated H-pase (BSSL) - an enzyme produced in the pancreas and in human milk - was developed by PPL Therapeutics for similar indications, and it is discussed below [63]. 

Sheep milk-derived human bile salt stimulated lipase to replace porcine-derived lipase... 

Harris DP, Andrews AT, Wright G, et al. The application of aqueous two-phase systems to the purification of pharmaceutical proteins from transgenic sheep milk. Bioseparation, 1997 7(1) 31-37. 

FIGURE 4.10 Detection of sheep (s) and cattle/cow (c) DNA in dairy products. Multiplex PCR according to Matsunaga et al. (1999). Sheep, 331 bp cattle/cow, 274 bp. Lane 1, sample sheep milk cheese lane 2, sample soft cheese lanes 3 to 7, reference DNA (mixtures) lane 3,100% c lane 4,50% c/50% s lane 5,10% c/90% s lane 6,1% c/99% s lane 7,100% s lane 8, sample sheep milk cheese lane 9, sample soft cheese. M, molecular-weight marker (50-bp ladder). 

One of the applications of this method is in food authentication. Lopez-Calleja et al. (2007) used the real-time PCR method to quantitatively detect goat milk present in sheep milk based on the amplification of the 12S ribosomal RNA gene, in order to prevent this type of food adulteration [62]. Similarly, Chisholm et al. (2005) used the method to detect horse and donkey meat in commercial products [63]. They used primers designed for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. This method, which enabled the detection of 1 pg donkey and 25 pg horse DNA templates, worked satisfactorily with model food samples. 

Fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with factorial discriminant analysis technique to identify sheep milk from different feeding systems. Food Chemistry, 122, pp. 1344-1350, ISSN 0308-8146... 

The fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins from several mammals are shown in Table 3.221. In contrast to tri-acylglycerols, the fatty acids of these phospholipids are mainly long and very long chain. Palmitic, stearic, oleic and, sometimes, linoleic acids are major components of the phosphatidylcholine fraction. In contrast, sphingomyelin has much smaller amounts of unsaturated components. Palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids are major components. In sheep milk sphingomyelin, tricosanoic acid is a major constituent while in the other species shown nervonic acid is the major unsaturated fatty acid (Table 3.221). 

Secondary oxidation products, 456 Seed extraction, 187,188,250 Segregated oils, 246 Sei whale, 137,139 Selacholeic acid, 3 Selectivity, 209,449,451 Semi-drying oils, 244 Senedesmus obliquus, 517 Serine derivatives, 277 Sesame oil, 52, 87,88, 98,101-07 Sesamin, 87, 88 Sesamol, 88 Sesamum indicum, 87 Sesamum orientale, 87 Sex attractants, 142 Sharpies process, 241 Shea nut oil, 51,88,100,104-06 Sheep milk, 116,167-69 Sheep wax, 144... 

Production of goat and sheep milk is of economic importance in a number of countries, especially those in the Mediterranean region, where this milk is used in the production of a variety of specialty cheeses. Goat s milk is sometimes used as a substitute for cow s milk in infant feeding and for those with digestive problems and cow s milk allergy. Data for the seasonal variation in the CLA content of goat and sheep milk fat are sparse. 

Sheep Milk Fat. Six samples of sheep miUc from Sardinia, Italy (23) had a mean CLA content of 11.7 1.3 mg/g fat during the dry summer period and 29.7 2.4 during the winter period when the sheep were pasture fed. In Germany (31), milk from 45 sheep was collected four times during the year. The mean CLA content was 10.8 mg/g fat. This level of CLA was higher than that of cows (10.1 mg/g fat) and goats (6.5 mg/g fat) fed similar rations. Thirty-five samples of sheep miUc were... 

The CLA content of cheese produced from cow, goat and sheep milk in various countries is presented in Table 8.3. Values for each country represent the combination of all varieties analyzed. Most reports and reviews present results for individual varieties, often in the belief that CLA levels may vary due to different processing conditions and the influence of bacteria in starter cultures. However, these effects are likely to be small, and variations in CLA levels reflect the level in the original milk. The CLA content of cow s milk cheese is of the same order as for butter and bulk milk (Table 8.2). 

The determination of tilmicosin extracted from cow and sheep milk was conducted on a phenyl column (A = 280nm) using a complex 30-min 50/50/0 - 15/85/0-> 15/0/85 acetonitrile/water/water (20mM dibuyflamine phosphate at pH 2.6) gradient This successfully separated the analyte from a host of co-extracted peaks [1460]. Standards ranged from 0.01 to lOpg/mL (sheep milk) and 0.025 to 0.5(ig/mL (cow milk). Detection and quantitation limits were 0.0125 pg/mL and 0.05 pg/mL, respectively. 

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