Origin and properties

Cmde petroleum is a mixture of compounds boiling at different temperatures that can be separated into a variety of different generic but often overlapping fractions (Table 1). The amounts of these fractions produced by distillation depend on the origin and properties of cmde petroleum (2). 

We will briefly discuss the origin and properties of several VFPs for extensive discussion and comparison, the reader is referred to the literature [1-5], Recommendations for choosing the right pair... 

Baker RR, Proctor CJ. 1990. The origins and properties on environmental tobacco smoke. Environ Int 16 231-245. 

Optical charge transfer (CT) is commonly observed in un-symmetrical molecules or molecular complexes in which there are sites of distinctly different ionization energies and electron affinities. The origin and properties of optical charge transfer transitions provide the basis for this account. A convenient place to begin chemically is with mixed-valence compounds and two examples are shown below (1-3). In the first (eq 1), the sites of different oxidation states are held in close... 

Because a critical aspect of assessing the toxic effects of the release of petroleum and petroleum products is the measurement of compounds in the environment, the first approach is to understand the origin and properties of the various fractions. 

Molimard, P., Spinnler, H.E. 1996. Review Compounds involved in the flavor of surface mould-ripened cheeses origins and properties. J. Dairy Sci. 79, 169-184. 

Daniel Apai is an Assistant Astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute. His research focuses on the observational characterization of the origins and properties of extrasolar planets and planetary systems. 

The individual substances, their origins and properties are given below and are tabulated for comparison in Table 3.9. 

Raber, B. and Kogel-Knabner, I., Influence of origin and properties of dissolved organic matter on the partition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Eur. J. Soil Sci., 48, 443, 1997. 

Few comprehensive reviews of the origin and properties of chondritic components have appeared since Kerridge and Matthews (1988). Exceptions include a comprehensive review of chondrite mineralogy (B J, 1998), an edited book on chondrules and their origins (Hewins et al, 1996), and several reviews on chondrules and CAIs (Hewins, 1997 Rubin, 2000 Jones et al., 2000a Ireland and Fegley, 2000). 

It should be stated that the treatment which follows is in no sense exhaustive either as to the properties, etc., of the alkaloids referred to, or as to the methods and reactions by which the constitution, when known, has been established. All that is attempted here is a brief presentation of the more common and important members, their origin and properties and their constitution as rel, ted to compounds we have previously studied. 

Hansen, L.-C., Loffler, A., Miltner, A., Pazdro, K., Pempkowiak, J., Pollehne, F, Shimmield, T., Voss, M., Witt, G., 2002. Material transport from the nearshore to the basinal environment in the southern Baltic Sea. II Synthesis of data on origin and properties of material. Journal of Marine Systems, 35, 151-168. 

The presence of large proportions of nonhumified material of diverse origins and properties hampers the dissolution, fractionation, and estimation of humic substances in peatlands. No satisfactory methods exist for these purposes. Most studies of peat humus therefore focus on pyrophosphate extracts or humic acids obtained by sodium hydroxide extraction. 

Caramel is, among others, designed as a food additive or ingredient therefore, its origin and properties are laid down by the Food Laws of various... 

Exemplary manifestations of the existence of intermolecular interactions [1] are the capillary rise of liquids in glass tubes and surface tension phenomena, already investigated in the 19 century, and explained in terms of mutual attraction between molecules in the liquid state. However, the first consistent identification of their attractive nature was achieved by van der Waals, in his study of real gases, but the origin and properties of the intermolecular interactions were only properly understood when the development of Quantum Mechanics allowed a full understanding of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, and of their interaction. 

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