Serum cholesterol levels protein

SUGANO M, ISHIWAKI N, NAKASHIMA K (1984) Dietary protein-dependent modification of serum cholesterol level in rats significance of Arginine/lysine ratio. rinw Nutr Metab, 28 192-9. 

Table V. Serum Cholesterol Levels in Rabbits fed Casein, Soy Protein, Their Hydrolysates and Their Amino Acid Mixtures...

Sugano, M., Ishiwaki, N., and Nakashima, K. 1984. Dietary protein-dependent modification of serum cholesterol level in rats. Significance of the arginine/lysine ratio. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 28, 192-199. Sugano, M., Goto, S., Yamada, Y., Yoshida, K., Hashimoto, Y., Matsuo, T., and Kimoto, M. 1990. Cholesterol-lowering activity of various undigested fractions of soybean protein in rats. /. Nutr. 120, 977-985. 

A phospholipid-protein-cell interaction was necessary to induce the reductase. Thus, elevated serum cholesterol levels in familial hypercholesterolemia may be attributed to increased cholesterol loss from cells,11 12 due to a lack of feedback regulation in this condition. 

Food consiunption patterns that include whole grains also appear protective for cardiovascular disease. Van Dam et al. report that intake of refined diets that do not include whole grains were associated with higher serum cholesterol levels and lower intakes of micronutrients. A prudent dietary pattern, including intake of whole grains, was associated with lower C-reactive protein levels and endothelial dysfunction, an early step in the development of atherosclerosis. Whole-grain food intake was also associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein in the Nurses Health Study. 

Evidence relative to the effectiveness of a soy protein diet in reducing serum cholesterol concentrations was dramatically corroborated by an Italian research team, whose work was reported in The Lancet, a respected British journal of medicine. A group of patients found to have high blood serum cholesterol levels was put consecutively on two kinds of diets (1) a low-fat animal protein diet, and (2) a predominantly soy protein diet. The study showed that the soy protein reduced serum cholesterol concentrations in the patients by about 20%. ... 

Most of the other components of the analyzed diets - total calories, total fat, mono-unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, total protein - were not significantly related to serum cholesterol levels or coronary heart disease incidence rates of the cohorts. Dietary cholesterol was not systematically evaluated. Sucrose intake - significantly correlated with saturated fat intake - was significantly correlated with coronary heart disease incidence (r = 0.78). However, when this analysis was extended beyond simple correlation, with consideration simultaneously to both saturated fat and sucrose, the association between saturated fat intake and CHD incidence remained highly significant statistically, that between sucrose and CHD incidence became insignificant (14). 

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Statins inhibit cancer cell proliferation in in vivo tumor growth in animal models (Campbell et al. 2006 Kusama et al. 2002 Paragh et al. 2003 Sivaprasad et al. 2006). Moreover, they increased iNOS mRNA and protein expression in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). NO cytotoxicity and tumor cell cytotoxicity were inhibited by iNOS inhibitors (Kotamraju et al. 2007). Based on these data, statins which are well known as a class of hyperlipidemic blockbuster drugs and are routinely used for lowering serum cholesterol levels are potential cancer drugs for use as NO inducers. 

Sometimes it is not possible to measure the direct effect of the drug. Endpoints or surrogate biomarkers are used to monitor the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug. These markers may be changes in blood pressure, cholesterol level, concentrations of certain enzymes, proteins, blood glucose levels, and similar factors (see Table 6.2 for serum tumor markers and Appendix 7 for general biomarkers). 

Phenothiazines may increase serum cholesterol, spinal fluid protein, and urinary urobilinogen levels decrease protein bound iodine yield false-positive urine bilirubin tests interfere with urinary ketone and steroid determinations. 

Platelet count, and serum levels of inorganic phosphate, calcium, total and LDL cholesterol, and protein... 

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