Urinary Ketones

Phenothiazines may increase serum cholesterol, spinal fluid protein, and urinary urobilinogen levels decrease protein bound iodine yield false-positive urine bilirubin tests interfere with urinary ketone and steroid determinations. 

Salicylates in the urine interact with urinary ketone determinations by the ferric chloride (Gerhardt) method producing a reddish color. 

Growth and food efficiency were decreased in a dose-related manner in rats given 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day DNOC for 90 days (Den Tonkelaar et al. 1983). Urinary ketones, an indicator of endogenous fat catabolism, were increased at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day DNOC, but not at 20 mg/kg/day DNOC. Blood glucose was increased at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day DNOC, while blood protein was decreased only at 20 mg/kg/day DNOC. Blood pyruvate was also decreased at all doses. The increased blood glucose and decreased blood pyruvate were indicative of an inhibitory action of DNOC on glycolysis. 

Although hematological, biochemical, hepatic, and renal parameters are not specific for DNOC exposure, these parameters may be measured to determine disease states caused by DNOC. One animal study demonstrated changes in these parameters following oral exposure to DNOC for intermediate-duration (Den Tonkelaar et al. 1983). Based on DNOC s mechanism (uncoupling of exudative phosphorylation), urinary ketone levels and urine and blood glucose levels may be monitored for effects on carbohydrate metabolism. 

Phenothiazines can cause increased urinary ketones (ferric chloride test) (SED-11,115). 

Treatment with levodopa results in false-positive tests for urinary ketone bodies (67). 

A biochemist in the Antarctic is cut off from his normal food supplies and is forced to subsist on a diet that consists almost entirely of animal fats. He decides to measure his ovm levels of urinary ketone bodies, beginning on the day he starts the high-fat diet. What changes in urinary ketone body levels will he find ... 

In analytical biochemistry, urinary ketonic derivatives may be detected by using Legal s reaction according to Rothero s experiment. Pathological dimethylketone is first salted out from urine by ammonium sulfate. A violet color develops with nitroprusside in ammonia. 

Menkes, J.H. (1966), Idiopathic hyperglycinemia Isolation and identification of three previously undescribed urinary ketones. J. Pediatr., 69,413. 

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