Serial input

The DSP processing section is shown in figure 5.20. Basically, the 24 serial inputs and 24 serial outputs of the DSPs are connected to a custom crossbar chip. Also included are 8 serial inputs from the outside world and 8 more serial outputs to the outside world which are the final output of the machine. 

Here is a model of a synthesizable UART circuit. This circuit converts RS-232 serial input data into parallel data out, and the parallel input data into RS-232 serial data out. The data byte is 8 bits in length. There are four major blocks in this UART model, as shown in Figure 3-29 RX, the receiver block, TX, the transmitter block, DIV, the clock divider and MP, the microprocessor block. 

Content of user displays Levels of user access for different user groups Digital/analogue inputs/outputs to external equipment Serial inputs/outputs to external equipment Parallel communications to external equipment Network communications to external equipment... 

Microcomputer unit with ROM operating and applications software RAM memory ADC/DAC parallel and serial input/ output... 

Design D contains the 70 cells you wish to scan. When you set the current design to D and generate vectors, it appears that TC naturally has control over all the primary inputs to D and observability of Ds outputs. This, however, is not the case. The only access TC has to inputs and outputs of D, is through a scan chain that was inserted into D. This scan chain has it s serial input through a port in design A, as well as a serial-out, also in design A. 

Simple Serial Input This is a very common control method it is a serialized bit stream normally consisting of a start bit followed by some number of data bits. It is commonly synchronized with the master FPA CLOCK signal, but on some FPAs it has a separate serial clock that can be asynchronous with the FPA clock. The bit stream is read into a setup register (control register). The bit stream is divided up into fields that control different settings within the ROIC. The User s Guide for an ROIC will normally defined the purpose, position, length, and order of these fields. 

A very simple illustration in which information from two inputs is dealt with sequentially (serially) by a microprocessor. Input 1 is accepted, and the left-hand series of instructions (program 1) are carried out. Then, Input 2 is examined, and the right-hand set of instructions is followed through. The processes are iterated. If each program (1, 2) takes 1 msec, the total time for one iteration is 2 msec. 

Methods to Detect and Quantitate Viral Agents in Fluids. In order to assess the effectiveness of membrane filtration the abihty to quantitate the amount of vims present pre- and post-filtration is critical. There are a number of techniques used. The method of choice for filter challenge studies is the plaque assay which utilizes the formation of plaques, localized areas in the cell monolayer where cell death caused by viral infection in the cell has occurred on the cell monolayer. Each plaque represents the presence of a single infectious vims. Vims quantity in a sample can be determined by serial dilution until the number of plaques can be accurately counted. The effectiveness of viral removal may be determined, as in the case of bacterial removal, by comparing the vims concentration in the input suspension to the concentration of vims in the effluent. 

Serial Interfaces Some very important measurement devices cannot be reasonably interfaced via either analog or pulse inputs. Two examples are the following ... 

Recalling Bennett s and Fredkin s trick to erase the garbage bits, the way in which the reversible logic circuit in figure 6.9 can be made to act as a real reversible serial-adder circuit is to first operate the circuit as shown, store the desired output, and then operate it backwards using the output and all intermediary garbage bits as new input. After all operations are completed in the reverse direction, we will be left with our desired answer stored on the side and with the serial-adder circuit back in its original state ready for another run. 

Assume that we have a program we will run on np processors and that this program has a serial portion and a parallel portion. For example, the serial portion of the code might read in input and calculate certain global parameters. It does not make any difference if this work is done on one processor and the results distributed, or if each processor performs identical tasks independently this is essentially serial work. Then the time t it takes the program to run in serial on one processor is the sum of the time spent in the serial portion of the code and the time spent in the parallel portion (i.e., the portion of the code that can be parallelized) is t = tg + tp. Amdahl s law defines a parallel efficiency, Pe, of the code as the ratio of total wall clock time to run on one processor to the total wall clock time to run on np processors. We give a formulation of Amdahl s law due to Meijer [42] ... 

The connections within a "network" that consists of just one node can only link it with its environment, but as soon as the number of nodes in a network is increased, choices exist in the way that the nodes are connected. Two nodes could be arranged in parallel, so that both accept input data and both provide output (Figure 2.18). Alternatively, nodes could be placed in a serial configuration, so that the output of one node becomes the input of the second (Figure 2.19). 

IQ is the process of ensuring that the instrument is installed correctly, the documentation have been created (e.g., logbooks) or stored (e.g., instrument manuals, original software disks, etc.), and inventories have been updated (i.e., serial numbers are input into the appropriate computer systems). 

In principle, these are extremely important datatypes because it means that the HTTP server-client model subsumes most standard input/output (stdin/stdout) serial application protocols. 

A simple HTTP client program (e.g., fetch ) can be pointed at an HTTP server, accept lines of input from a standard input stream, send them as messages to an HTTP server, accept replies from that server and then write them to a standard output stream. The fetch program becomes a serial filter for any such HTTP server (which is now acting as a network compute server). 

Four serial (RS232) ports are provided for flexible communications to other instruments, i.e. autosamplers. In addition, five analogue inputs, tvsro analogue outputs and 3 TTL input/outputs are provided to ensure complete flexibility. These allow auxihary instruments under direct control and the abihty to process data generated by these in real time. These features extend the range of facihties on these expensive but worthwhile analytical techniques. There is no doubt that future developments in computing will continue to have a radical impact on these instrumental systems. 

In the serial arrangement (Fig 3.2), the first piston pushes a volume of solvent twice that of the second piston, due either to the fact that its diameter is greater or that it travels a greater distance. The volume of solvent contained in piston B is released into the column while piston A is filling with solvent. Then as piston A pushes the mobile phase, part of it is used to fill piston B, which regulates the nominal flow. These arrangements demand the use of check valves at the input and output of solvent. To regulate the flow rate, the piston speed is controlled by a motor. 

As shown in figure 5.17 processor modules are connected to the serial highway. Each processor module has a unique address on the highway (this address is wired on the card). There are two traces on the backplane per processor one for the input to the processor (from the switch) and one from the processor (to the switch). All interprocessor communication is via the switch. The switch sits between the host VME bus and the host processor and is programmed by the host processor. 

The DSP-16 can either be a master (called active in DSP-16 terminology) or a slave ( passive ). All the DSP-16s except the final mix DSP are in passive mode. They are fed clocks from the final mix DSP. This guarantees that all DSPs are on the same output clock. The final mix DSP also provides the left/right clock so that the channels are synchronized as well. The serial data output of the DSP-16 is fed to the serial data input of the next DSP-16 in line. All of the serial I/O is done via flat ribbon cables on the end of the cards. 

The crossbar interconnect is under the control of the microprocessor. The DSPs are programmed remotely, via the microprocessor by the processor s serial port (see section 5.13). The processors all run lock-step and are sample synchronous. Note that only four processors have external memory (and only 64K). This severely limits the reverberation time but in fairness, this machine was not designed for effects processing. Also note that coefficient conversion from real time inputs must take place in the host processor and then be converted into serial form and placed in the specific DSP. 

The A/D board can reside either in the detector, an interface box, or in the computer. If the board is in the computer, it will have analog input terminals similar to a strip chart recorder or it will be connected to an interface box that will have this type of connector. If the A/D card is in the detector, the detector will have some type of digital interface port and a cable to connect it to the computer. In the personal computer world, once the signal is digitized outside the computer, it will be sent to the computer over one of three types of communication cables parallel, serial, or GPIB. 

MHz Thermex unit Chemetron Corp. model CP 30B424X three units (serial 72-127-T4, 72-127-T4, and 71-190T) input 240 V, 3 phase, 60 cycle, 42 amps, 14.5 KVA power factor 0.96 8 KW output. 

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