Parallel data

In summary, available scientific evidence on the effects of tamoxifen on human bone seems to parallel data collected in animal trials. Tamoxifen, acting as a partial estrogen agonist, seems to have beneficial effects on the preservation of bone mass in postmenopausal women, while in premenopausal women it might act as an estrogen antagonist. An alternative explanation could be that... 

The use of a linear detector array in the image plane of a polychromator in place of the fluorescence monochromator in Figure 12.1 enables the parallel data accumulation of complete fluorescence spectra. Silicon photodiode arrays, operated in a CCD mode(34) are the most widely used detector elements. The spectral response of the diodes enables fluorescence to be detected from the near-UV up to ca. 1100 nm with a peak response in the near-IR. Up to 8192 elements are now available commercially in a single linear array at low cost. However, the small length of each element (ca. 10 [im) presently limits sensitivity and hence cylindrical lens demagnification is often necessary. 

Experimental methods have not been covered, as they are still developing rapidly. New developments, in particular the advent of third-generation synchrotron sources combined with parallel data collection methods and new interpretative software packages, are bound to further enhance the scope of the field. It is hoped that this text will serve to stimulate its continuing development. 

Fortunately, aquation occurred slowly enough, relative to isomerization, to be treated as a perturbation which gradually diminished the effect of equilibrium cis and trans concentrations without materially affecting their ratio. Applying this approach required parallel data for solutions initially all trans and initially all -cis. 

In view of the great importance technically and in natural processes of adsorption in presence of water, especial attention has been directed to the detection of possible hydrogen bond interaction in aqueous media, for which the refractive index method [4] used with model compounds is useful. Table 1 summarizes some of the conclusions reached by this means, or by tests in monolayers (cf. [5]), and includes also some parallel data for interactions in non-aqueous solution. 

A similar contribution from the counterion in the transition state for propagation would require formation of an energetically unfavoured four membered ring. Parallel data have been reported for the molecular weights of poly-(isobutenes) produced by y-ray irradiation (free ions) and chemical catalysis (ion pairs) (161), though in this case it was shown that entropy rather than enthalpy factors were more important. 

A very fast CPU customized for the calculation of second order sections was used by Neve [Lidbetter, 1983] (in collaboration with the BBC) in 1979. They used a Time Division Multiplex (TDM) parallel data bus with 16 time slots. At each time slot, the channel processor executed 14 microinstructions (at a rate of 100 ns) of a filter... 

In addition to very fast photoresponses, it is essential to write and read a two-dimensional image pattern for optical parallel data processing. Pictures of the probe beam at 543.5 nm recorded with a usual camera before and after excitation at 355 nm through a pattern RIE of about 1 mm high are shown in Fig. 32. The pattern RIE written by the excitation laser can clearly be seen in the reflected beam as shown in Fig. 32b, which was erased completely upon... 

Obtaining isotropic voxels by combination of fast SI techniques with concepts of parallel data acquisition. 

Here is a model of a synthesizable UART circuit. This circuit converts RS-232 serial input data into parallel data out, and the parallel input data into RS-232 serial data out. The data byte is 8 bits in length. There are four major blocks in this UART model, as shown in Figure 3-29 RX, the receiver block, TX, the transmitter block, DIV, the clock divider and MP, the microprocessor block. 

The first block DIV is a frequency divider. This block has 2 modes of operation, the normal mode and the test mode. In the test mode, the UART chip runs 16 times faster than in the normal mode. Also, the transmission data rate of the UART chip is 16 times faster than the receiving rate. Each block is initialized by setting the reset line low by applying a 0 to port MR. The TX block accepts 8-bit parallel data from the microprocessor interface (MP) block and transmits it serially to the RS-232 port through port DOUT. Conversely, the RX block receives serial data input, and sends it in 8-bit parallel format to the MP block. Again, the transmitter runs at 16 times the speed of the receiver. The microprocessor interface (MP) block asynchronously controls the parallel data flow between the RX / TX blocks and the microprocessor data bus. 

The parallel data transfer mode is simple to use and allows for greater flexibility than the serial mode. However, it requires numerous connections between the PIA and the A/D Converter, and is, therefore limited to those cases where the converter and computer are very close. This type of transmission is very popular in chromatographs which have a built-in dedicated computer. 

Shale oil and a fuel gas have been produced by microwaveheating oil shale in a standard microwave oven in conjunction with experimentation to develop an in situ microwave retorting process. Various grades of oil shale have been subjected to high microwave fields. The derived oil has been submitted to various physical and chemical testing methods, and the chemical composition of the evolved gas has been evaluated. The specific gravity pour point yields of oil, water, gas, and losses and spent shale are compared with parallel data obtained with the Fischer assay procedure. Important differences in oil flow properties and gas composition are discussed in view of microwave interactive theory. 

Carbon Corp.) that had been exposed to normal intact plasma for various times. On a TaW slide that had been exposed to normal intact plasma for seconds or for many minutes, these antisera would still deposit a significant amount of matter, confirming parallel data obtained by ellip-sometry on oxidized silicon. In other words, the unknown proteins adsorbed onto Speedex were to some degree identical to those left after conversion on TaW surfaces. 

If you wanted to connect a LapLink cable (a parallel data transfer cable) so that you could upload and download files from a computer, which type of parallel port(s) does your computer need to have ... 

Centronics parallel interface A standard 36-pin interface in the PC world for the exchange of information between the PC and a peripheral, such as a printer, originally developed by the printer manufacturer Centronics, Inc. The standard defines eight parallel data lines, plus additional lines for status and control information. 

Humphrey Parallel data were produced by Napoleon Chagnon on the Yanomamo. He showed a fitness correlation with the number of people that an individual had killed in battle. Men who had killed became sexually attractive. 

The pollutant inventory obtained gives an overview of the total current emission picture for the study area. Table 3.1 presents this data for Los Angeles, where the inventory was conducted to assist in determining the causes of the photochemical smog problem. For comparison, parallel data are presented for the whole of Canada which also has smog problems in some of the major centers. A more recent inventory conducted for Madrid displays a similar picture [4]. The best foundation for effective planning of abatement measures is obtained from inventories of this kind, aided by continual refinement of the information [5, 6]. 

Ludwig Haber s book [859a] provides a modern, incisive and detailed analysis of the casualty statistics for World War I, and has been used here as the most reliable source available. Fig. 1.17 illustrates the estimated gas casualities, and Fig. 1.18 shows parallel data for gas deaths. The total number of casualties estimated by Haber (just over half-a-million) [859a] is less than half of Prentiss estimate (ca. 1,300,000) [1660]. In a similar relationship,... 

For the three-bond coupling constants, J C,OW)tram > - (C,OH) j and a plot of 7(C,OH)c vs. 50H shows a good correlation for o-hydroxybenzoyl derivatives. The corresponding correlation hne for olefinic derivatives is parallel. Data for naphthalene derivatives fall mainly in between . Bond order is clearly an important parameter. 

Highly Parallel Data Collection in Different Formats. . 84... 

A hybridizing probe in an SBH experiment has completely random access to the data set (sequence), locating matching sequence strings anywhere within the target. This random access allows efficient parallel data processing, with the potential for thousands of probe-DNA hybridizations to be conducted simultaneously on a probe-or DNA-array or many other ways. One approach is to hybridize one labeled probe or probe sets at a time with arrays of samples [see,e.g., 12,19). Alternately, a single labeled sample can be hybridized with an array of probes [see,... 

Fig. 15. Displacement studies with porcine (po.) motilin (+) and erythromycin A (O) and its derivatives EM502 ( ), EM523 (A), EM536 (A), and EM574 ( ). The binding displacement curves are almost parallel. Data are expressed as means SE of three to five experiments. (From Sato et al. [34] with permission from Elsevier Science.)...

The philosophy underlying a battery is that a group of tests should be performed before a decision is made regarding the potential hazard of the chemical. Thus, a battery corresponds to the initial "detection" phase that is part of most tiers (1, ). The crucial difference with a battery, however, is that it attempts to combine "detection" and the next step of a tier, "confirmation" in one stage. Implicit in this approach is the concept that all available short-term tests may yield false positive or false negative results that require parallel data for interpretation. The battery approach thus formally incorporates the concept that no decision on potential hazard should be made without the minimum data offered by the battery. 

Adoption of fast and parallel data acquisition methods... ... 

Figure 5 Small spot XPS system using a monochromated focused x-ray source, demagnification retardation lens and a parallel data acquisition system, (after reference 13).

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