Sensitivity, definition

Loosely speaking, a manifold of dimension (n-k) is a set of points in an n-dimensional space defined by k < n equations. Suppose that, after some algebraic manipulations, the plant model given by Eqs. (9.11) to (9.15) and the sensitivity definition (9.4) are reduced to one equation with one unknown aP/A. Then, the dependence of the state variable aP/A versus one parameter (the volume V) as defined by the model equation can be graphically depicted, for example as in Figure 9.6. The plot is a one-dimensional manifold in the two-dimensional space... 

The sensitivity to defects and other control parameters can be improved by optimizing the choice of the probe. It appears, after study of different types of probes (ferritic, wild steel, insulator) with different geometries (dish, conical,. ..), necessary to underline that the success of a feasibility research, largely depends on a suitable definition of measure collectors, so that they are adapted to the considered problem. 

The advantages of this approach for part 3 of the standard lie in the fact that no specifications on geometrical magnifications need to be made since these parameters implicitly result from the demanded IQI detectability. Furthermore, the standard is open to additional applications. All that is needed is to the definition of the respective equipment class and a specification on the respective IQI sensitivities. 

Minimum exposure times must be observed in order to reach the requisite S/N ratio. As per EN 1435 and EN 584-1, for the different ranges of utilization (energy, wall thickness), definite film elasses are prescribed. They are characterized by the minimum gradient-to-noise ratios. Based on this, one can calculate the minimum values for the S/N ratio based on the IP systems. The exposure time and the device parameter sensitivity and dynamics (latitude) must be adjusted accordingly, with an availability of an at least 12 bit system for the digitalization. 

The difference between RON and MON for a particular fuel is called the sensitivity. By definition, the RON and MON of the primary reference fuels are the same and the sensitivity is 2ero. For all other fuels, the sensitivity is almost always greater than 2ero. Generally, paraffins have low sensitivities whereas olefins and aromatics have sensitivities ranging up to 10 and higher. 

Given stringent requirements for effective sensitizers and the desire to use wavelengths further to the red for therapeutic appHcations, definition of newer sensitizers has been a principal area of research since about 1987. Expanded theoretical and experimental understanding of photophysics has been a key element in identifying new classes of potential sensitizers (93—98). Research has focused on cationic derivatives of Nile Blue (93), metaHo-phthalocyanines (94), naphthalocyanines (95), chlorin-type compounds (96), expanded ring porphyrinoids (97), as well as porphyrins other than hematoporphyrin and its derivatives (98). This work has also been reviewed (10,91). Instmmentation for photodynamic therapy has been reviewed (99). 

The mechanism of antibacterial activity is through inhibition of gram-positive bacterial cell-wall synthesis thus, the penicillins are most effective against actively multiplying organisms. Because mammalian cells do not have a definitive cell-wall stmcture as do bacteria, the mammalian toxicity of the penicillins is low. Allergic phenomena in patients following sensitization may occur. 

The first definitive studies of boron hydrides were carried out by Alfred Stock in Germany starting about 1912 (1). Through extensive and now classic synthetic studies, the field of boron hydride chemistry was founded with the isolation of a series of highly reactive, air-sensitive, and volatile compounds of general composition and This accomplishment required the development of basic vacuum line techniques for the... 

The burden must have a definite sohdification temperature to assure proper pickup from the feed pan. This limitation can be overcome by side feeding through an auxiliary rotating spreader roll. Apphcation hmits are further extended by special feed devices for burdens having oxidation-sensitive and/or supercoohng characteristics. The standard double-drum model turns downward, with adjustable roll spacing to control sheet thickness. The newer twin-drum model (Fig. ll-55b) turns upward and, though subject to variable cake thickness, handles viscous and indefinite solidification-temperature-point burden materials well. 

Assistance in problem definition and in developing a test program should be sought from persons experienced in the field. If your organization has a consultant in separations of this land, by all means m e use of the expertise available. If not, it may be wise to employ an outside consultant, whose special knowledge and guidance can save time, money, and headaches. It is important to do this early after the separation equipment has been installed, there is httle a consultant can do to remedy the sometimes disastrous effects of a poor selection. Often it is best to work with established equipment manufacturers throughout the selection process, unless the problem is unusually sensitive or confidential. Their experience with problems similar to yours may be most helpful and avoid many false starts. 

Slow Strain-Rate Test In its present state of development, the results from slow strain-rate tests (SSRT) with electrochemical monitoring are not always completely definitive but, for a short-term test, they do provide considerable useful SCC information. Work in our laboratory shows that the SSRT with electrochemical monitoring and the U-bend tests are essentially equivalent in sensitivity in finding SCC. The SSRT is more versatile and faster, providing both mechanical and electrochemical feedback during testing. 

Therefore the basic task of scientific work is development of sensitive, selective and simple methods of quantitative definition of the total contents of the alkaloids in the expert-criminal objects with the help of electrochemical methods of the analysis. 

By a fortunate coincidence, the depth into the solid from which information is provided by the techniques described here matches the above definition of a surface almost exactly. These techniques are, therefore, surface-specific, in other words, the information they provide comes only from that very shallow depth of a few atom layers. Other techniques can be surface sensitive, in that they would normally be regarded as techniques for bulk analysis, but have sufficient sensitivity for certain elements that can be analyzed only if they are present on the surface only. 

The following points are abstracted from the definition of the Pressure Sensitive Tape Council [4]. A pressure sensitive adhesive is ... 

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