SCCPs

Chlorinated paraffins are very complex mixtures and are often divided into several groups depending on the chain, length of the starting material and the amount of chlorine in the final product. Three major groups are short-, medium- and long-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs and LCCPs). 

Short-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCP) are those with a chain length of C10-C13. EU Regulation 1907/2006 [12] restricts the marketing and sale of SCCP in preparations to a maximum of 1%. SCCP were mainly in the past used as fatliquors, but other alternatives are available in the market. The use of SCCP is also restricted by many eco-labels and RSL. 

SCCP are just like PCP currently discussed in connection with the Stockholm Convention on POPs and may be restricted or forbidden worldwide through the Stockholm Convention in the future. 

Short chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCP) Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCH)... 

The Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP) handles questions concerning the safety of consumer products (nonfood products intended for the consumer). In particular, the Committee addresses questions in relation to the safety and allergenic properties of cosmetic products and ingredients with respect to their impact on consumer health, toys, textiles, clothing, personal care products, domestic products such as detergents, and consumer services such as tattooing (EU 2006f). 

Cosmetic ingredients are natural or synthesized chemicals entering in the preparation/formulation of cosmetic products. According to the Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC (1), cosmetic products placed on the market must not cause damage to human health when applied under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use. The cosmetics manufacturers have to ensure the safety of their cosmetic products prior to marketing. However, the European Commission can adopt, on the basis of advice of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP), measures to limit or to forbid the commercialization of cosmetic products containing ingredients with safety concerns. 

The Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers (2003) Opinion Concerning Methylisothiazolinone, COLIPA No. P94, SCCNFP/0625/02, Final http // ec.europa.eu/health/ph risk/ committees/sccp/documents/out 201. pdf (last accessed 27 September 2011). 

Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products http //europa.eu.int/comm/health/ ph risk/committees/sccp/sccp en.htm http //europa.eu.int/comm/health/ph risk/committees/04 sccp/ 04 sccp en.htm. 

Review of RoSH published on 10 December 2008 will impose a review with REACH directive The risk assessment for short chain (C10—C13) chloroparaffins (SCCPs) was completed with the conclusion that the use of SCCPs in metal working and leather processing poses a risk to the aquatic environment. As a consequence, risk reduction measures have been implemented (EU Directive 2002/45). No significant risks to human health were identified. In all applications where they are used as flame retardants, no risk of secondary poisoning through accumulation in the environment or the food chain was found. Further studies of SCCPs have been specified by EU Regulation 642/2005 emissions and biodegradation in marine environment. 

Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) PEC/16 June 2001... 

The effects of genotoxic compounds are considered non-threshold. Thus, risk assessment for a given exposure is usually performed by a linear or sub-linear extrapolation from the high dose effects observed in animals to the lower human exposure. Since the outcome of the extrapolation depends on the model applied and extrapolation over different orders of magnitude is error prone, the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA 2005) recommended to avoid this extrapolation and proposed the MOE approach. This approach uses the benchmark dose, or the T25 calculated from a carcinogenicity study and compares this with human exposure. A MOE of 10,000 and more is considered to be of minor concern. The advantage is that neither a debatable extrapolation from high to low doses needs to be performed nor are hypothetical cancer cases calculated. For details of the different approaches see, SCHER, SCCP, SCENIHR (2008). 

SCHER, SCCP, SCENIHR (2008) Risk Assessment Methodologies and Approaches for Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Substances. Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, The EU Commission. 

Reactions of ethyne with ScRCp (R = H, Me, CH2SiMe3, CMe=CMe2, CsCMe, Ph, NMe2) afford Sc(C=CH)Cp2 excess ethyne is converted to various oligo- and poly-alkynes.147 Rapid conversion of the ethynyl to off-white ScCp 2(p-C=C) (34) occurs on attempted isolation. 

F.M. Christensen S.I. and Olson, Risk assessment of Short and Medium Chain Chlorinated Paraffin s (SCCP and MCCP), Technical Report, Technical University of Denmark, 2002. 

SCCP Short-chained chlorinated paraffin(s) C10-C13-alkyl derivatives... 

The organometallic chemistry of scandium is generally similar to that of the later lanthanides. It thus forms a cyclopentadienyl ScCps that has mixed mono- and pentahapto-coordination like LuCps. An anionic methyl [Li(tmed)]3[M(CH3)6] is formed by scandium, as by the lanthanides. However, there are often subtle differences that should be borne in mind. The pentamethylcyclopentadienyl compound [ScCp 2Me] is a monomer but the lutetium compound is an asymmetric dimer [Cp 2Lu(/u.-Me)LuCp 2Me]. Similarly, whilst triphenylscandium is obtained as a bis(thf) adduct, [ScPh3(thf)2], which has a TBPY structure with axial thf molecules, the later lanthanides form octahedral [LnPh3(thf)3]. Triphenylscandium and the phenyls of the later lanthanides are made by different routes. 

SCCNFP (2003). Opinion concerning Basic criteria for the in vitro assessment of dermal absorption of cosmetic ingredients , SCCNFP/0750/03, Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products (http //europa.eu.inl/comm/healtli/ph risk/ committees/ sccp/documents/out23 l en.pdf). 

Muir DCG, Bennie D, Tomy GT, Stern GA (1998) SCCPs - an updated assessment based on recent environmental measurements and bioaccumulation results. Unpublished report to Environment Canada, Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch. National Water Research Institute Burlington, ON... 

In 2004, the European Commission reorganized its nonfood scientific committees following the creation of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the transfer to the Authority of responsibilities for risk assessment on food-related issues previously carried out by some of the scientific committees. The Commission reviewed and refocused the work of its three remaining nonfood scientific committees and created three new committees Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP), Scientific Committee... 

The reaction of LuCpCl2(THF)3 with disodium naphthalide in DME resulted in formation of a novel lanthanide naphthalide complex LuCp(C,oH8)(DME) (Scheme 5.5 (a)) [32]. Another interesting mono(cyclopentadienyl) complex is the sandwich structure of ScCp(OEP) (OEP = octaethylporphyrin) (Scheme 5.5 (b)), which was prepared by reacting ScCl(OEP) with cyclopentadienide [33]. 

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