Cosmetic products containing

Limited reports of DEA toxicity are available in humans. Clinical skin testing of cosmetic products containing DEA showed mild skin irritation to concentrations above 5%. ... 

Cosmetic ingredients are natural or synthesized chemicals entering in the preparation/formulation of cosmetic products. According to the Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC (1), cosmetic products placed on the market must not cause damage to human health when applied under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use. The cosmetics manufacturers have to ensure the safety of their cosmetic products prior to marketing. However, the European Commission can adopt, on the basis of advice of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP), measures to limit or to forbid the commercialization of cosmetic products containing ingredients with safety concerns. 

Exposure to VOCs in public beauty shops can also be high. Many cosmetic products contain VOCs such as 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-butanone, acetone, terpenes, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone or phenylmethanol. In particular, hair sprays are potential sources of indoor pollutants. To estimate VOC concentrations associated with the use of beauty products, a female subject was placed in the model room described earlier and sprayed with 16.1 g hair lacquer. Propellant gases (butane, pentane), ethanol, limonene and tripropyleneglycol (isomers) were subsequently monitored in the room. Thirty minutes after the application of this product, the highest VOC concentrations were measured for ethanol (>100pg/m3)... 

Many personal care and cosmetic products contain toxic chemicals. Categories of products containing toxicants are listed in Table 11.9. 

Table 11.9 Personal Care and Cosmetic Products Containing Toxic Chemicals...

In the home, fonnaldehyde sources include household chemicals, pressed wood products (especially when new) (EPA 1996), combustion sources (NRC 1986), and some new fabrics (Schorr et al. 1974) and garments. A number of common household products may release formaldehyde to indoor air, including antiseptics, medicines, dish-washing liquids, fabric softeners, shoe-care agents, carpet cleaners, glues, adhesives, and lacquers (Kelly et al. 1996). If children use or play with some of these products, or are present when they are used, additional exposure to formaldehyde may occur. Many cosmetic products contain formaldehyde and some, such as nail polish and nail hardeners, contain high levels (Kelly et al. 1996). If children place these products in their mouth or on their skin, or sniff them, they will be exposed to elevated levels of formaldehyde. 

Comfrey is currently promoted for prevention of kidney stones, for treatment of rheumatic and pulmonary disorders, and for treatment of injuries such as burns and bruises. Combination products containing comfrey for internal use are promoted for nourishing and repairing bone and muscle. Several cosmetic products contain comfrey and claim to remove excess oil from the skin, as well as to moisturize and exfoliate dry skin. 

Other methods, such as attachment of positively charged groups to the protein, are not included in the book, mainly because of the lack of information linking modification to specific surface activity. Some of the modifications discussed here have already been applied in various products. Sometimes they are used unknowingly, for example, in cosmetic products containing both surfactants and proteins. 

The exposure of humans in the private bathroom or public beauty shops is often underestimated. The major sources of exposure to chloroform (CHCI3) in the United States are showers, boiling water and clothes washers. CHCI3 is formed from the chlorine used to treat water supplies (Ott and Roberts, 1998). Many cosmetic products contain a number of VOCs such as 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-butanone, acetone, terpenes, 2-hydroxy-4-meth-oxybenzophenone or phenylmethanol. However, in most product categories we are not selling a product, we are selling a proposition, as Selinger (1988) pointed out. 

Several cosmetic products contain solvents. These include nail polish, nail polish remover, fragrances, hair dyes, general cleaners, hair sprays and setting lotions. In most cases, ethanol is the only solvent. Nail polish and nail polish remover contain a large variety of solvents. Several recent patents give information on current developmental work in this area. 

Nevertheless, in 2003, the 2003/15/EC Directive [6] listed 26 fragrances classified as potentially allergenic substances (PASs). Since then, any cosmetic product containing any of these 26 substances have to declare its presence in the label when present at a higher concentration than 10 pg in those products to remain on... 

As nanomaterials may invade living systems by penetrating the epidermal layer of the skin, the handhng of engineered nanomaterials and the use of cosmetic products containing nanomaterials will increase the threat of epidermal exposure. Since large, micrometer-sized particles cannot penetrate healthy skin, their only route is through open wounds and cuts [35]. However, as the size of particles reduces to the nanometer scale, the chance of particle penetration is increased dramatically, and consequently nanometer-sized particles will be more harmful than their micrometer-sized counterparts in the case of skin contact... 

Nevertheless, according to Article 8a of the EU Cosmetics Directive, ( ) a Member State may authorize the use within its territory of other substances not contained in the lists of substances allowed, for certain cosmetic products specified in its national authorization (...) . In this case, the authorization must not exceed a maximum period of three years, and the Monber State must carry out an official check on cosmetic products containing the substance or preparation, which it has authorized. Moreover, cosmetic products containing the new authorized substance or preparation must bear a distinctive indication, which will be defined in the authorization. 

Sulphites All kinds of cosmetics products (containing aqueous or alcoholic phase) Volumetry (titrant sodium hydroxide)... 

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