Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis SEM

R. S. White, and A. D. Owens, Automation of Gunshot Residue Detection and Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM/EDX), Journal of Forensic Sciences 32, no. 6 (November 1987) 1595. 

Modes of occurrence of the elements in coal can be determined using a variety of procedures. Perhaps the most effective method is the use of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). This method can detect and analyze minerals as small as 1 pm in diameter (Figure 14). The SEM-EDX also provides useful information on the textural relationships of the minerals. Other microbeam techniques, such as the electron microprobe analyzer, ion microprobe, laser mass analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy, have also been used to determine modes of occurrence of elements in coal. 

Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA)... 

In cementitious systems, TGA (or also DSC or DTA) is generally used to identify hydration phases, to confirm the presence of both crystalline and amorphous phases found by XRD, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis and/or to quantify the amount of solids present. The discussion presented in this chapter will mainly focus on TGA only Section... 

Methods of analysis for GSR have evolved along with the instrumentation available for elemental analysis. Prior to the advent of scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) techniques, (flame and graphite furnace) atomic absorption was the principal analytical technique employed. Suspected GSR was collected with the use of wipes or swabs moistened with 1% nitric acid, and the residue collected was introduced into the instrument. Less frequently used were neutron activation analysis (NAA), anodic stripping voltammetry, and photoluminescence techniques. ICP methods (AES and MS) appear promising, but have not been widely used to date for GSR. 

Major elements Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDS) analysis (Camscan 4DV/Tracor TN 5500) (7) X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, melting technique (Siemens SRS 300). 

In an article published in Analytical Chemistry in 2004, Keune and Boon [2004a] present the application of ToF-SIMS analysis to a paint cross-section. The sample used was from the panel painting The Descent from the Cross (Museo del Prado, Madrid) by the early Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden (1399/1400 1464). Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and infrared microscopy were also used to complete and confirm the results. 

The Atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) results on the solids confirm the chemical purity of Py, Cp, Qz, Cal and Dol samples. The Po sample contains calcium which, after conversion into calcite, gives approximately 10wt% of this mineral. Sid sample contains 10.3 wt% Mn and 1.86 wt% Mg, in agreement with measurements using a Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis again this explains the difference between the measured and theoretical density of the Sid powder. 

Semiconducting thin films of CdSe were electrochemically deposited on Ti substrates [186,187]. The film electrodes were characterized with photoelectrochemical imaging, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. 

---