Scanning electron microscopy analysis

Butterbach-Bahl K, Papen H, Rennenberg H. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the aerenchyma in two rice cultivars. Phyton. 2000 40 43-55. 

Hasle and Fryxell (1) developed the classical method of cleaning diatoms by acid treatment in the late 1960s. This technique is probably the most commonly used for both light and scanning electron microscopy analysis and can be found published in many current taxonomy and morphology papers such as Hasle (4) and Villac and Fryxell (5). Examples of cells prepared using the acid treatment method are pictured in Fig. 1. The method published by Hasle and Fryxell (1) involves the following steps, which should be carried out under a chemical fume hood ... 

Laird, D. (2001). Nature of clay-humic complexes in an agricultural soil II. Scanning electron microscopy analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. I. 65,1419-1425. 

Figure 4.n Scanning electron microscopy analysis of ZnO/dye hybrid thin films electrodeposited at -0.9V and 70 C for 60 min from a 0.1 M Zn(NOj)2 aqueous solution (a) pure ZnO (b) ZnO/TSPcZn... 

The A values of chars that were produced from three Chinese coals at different burn-off ratios were obtained by N2 adsorption/desorption using the fractal BET equation and by scanning electron microscopy analysis [77]. A values reached a maximum in the 35-45 wt% char burn-off interval and then decreased with increasing the carbon bum-off ratio. 

After the tests, the fracture surfaces of the broken specimens were examined using light microscopy (Leica DMR) and scanning electron microscopy (Hitachi S-3400N) to analyze the extension of the stress-whitened region due to plastic deformation as well as the micromechanisms of failure. For scanning electron microscopy analysis, the samples were Au-Pd sputter coated. 

Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Morphology... 

The scanning electron microscopy analysis of composites reveals that cement paste melamine aggregates adhesion is imperfect and weak. Also, The scanning electron microscopy shows that with an increase of replacement ratio of materials of lightweight concrete by melamine plastic aggregates, the pores and cavernous in the stmcture of the lightweight concrete were increased. 

One vital method that can be applied to refractory sections is that of microanalysis in which small areas can be analyzed chemically after excitations with the incident electron beam. Microanalysis is normally used on polished sections while being examined by scanning electron microscopy. Analysis can be used to determine or confirm the composition of specific grains, particles, crystals, or bonds. By integrating the composition of grains or areas with spatial locations, reactions, diffusion profiles, and attack mechanisms can be evaluated particularly at interfaces. 

For scanning electron microscopy analysis, two sets of samples were fractured in liquid nitrogen, one for examination of the x-y plane and the other of the x-z plane in the weld zone. The fractured specimens were then mounted on alnminum disks and coated using a Hummer VI sputter coater with an Au/Pd target for 4 minutes. 

---