X-ray scan

Computed tomography (CT) scan A series of x-ray scans taken from different angles and then compiled by computer to show a cross-section of a body part of interest a method of body imaging that uses x-ray technology to create cross-sectional images of a person s body. 

The digestive tract shows up very faintly in X-ray scans. J The ingestion of barium Ban M sulfate allows a good... 

Fig. 8.26. Segregation of copper in an iron copper soak alloy MI metallographic image, AE absorbed electrons measured by EPMA, and four element-specific X-ray scanning images by EPMA, below three elemental-specific relief plots by SIMS according to Ehrlich et al. [1979]... 

Figure 3.17. Three sequential variable-temperature X-ray scans (X = 1.797 A) performed on the same spin-coated KSb5S8 film after an initial heat and quench treatment. In each case, the heating rate is 1 °C/s and the sample is quenched to room temperature at the end of the heating portion of the cycle. White coloration in the plot corresponds to higher X-ray intensity.

G.GaiUard, A.P. Lilot, A. Mangeville, D. Sedaries and D. Sundermann, Performance evaluation of x-ray scanning systems for containers and trucks, in Contraband and Cargo Inspection Technology International Symposium, 28-30 October 1992, Washington, DC, ONDCP and NIJ (1992) 243-250. 

Figure 6. Photographs of CRT output from characteristic x-ray scans for the various elements listed using electron microprobe flOj. Particle scanned was a graphite nodule. Scans verify presence of a heterogeneous inclusion in the nodule. Iron was treated with magnesium and a rare earth silicide. The element distribution pictures were taken at ISOOX-...

In 2005, scientists discovered the cause of Otzi s death. A few years earlier, in 2001, Paul Gostner wheeled an X-ray machine to Otzi s chamber in the South Tyrol Museum. Gostner, who works at the Central Hospital in Bolzano, Italy, discovered a stone arrowhead embedded in the back of Iceman s left shoulder. Earlier X-ray scans had missed the small object. The arrow shaft was not in Otzi s body, nor had it been found nearby. The fatality of the wound became evident in 2005, when Central Hospital acquired an X-ray machine with higher resolution. Gostner and other staff members of the hospital brought Otzi in for a scan—it was a rush job, otherwise Otzi s body would quickly decompose. They discovered that the arrowhead had gashed a large and important artery, the subclavian artery, which carries blood to the arm. Such a serious injury would have caused Otzi to bleed to death in minutes. 

Paul Gostner and other physicians make high-resolution X-ray scans of Otzi s shoulder, revealing that the arrow wound gashed an important artery that would have resulted in his quick death. 

Instruments are commercially available that automatically carry out the analysis presented above. Although much of the tedium of the experiment is thereby relieved, automation does not alter the basic assumptions and/or approximations of the method. In one commercial instrument, a collimated beam of light or low-energy x-rays scans the settling compartment, measuring the absorbance of the suspended particles at various depths. Because the detector does not have to wait for settling particles to arrive at a fixed position, this method is more rapid than direct observation of sedimentation. A built-in computer converts the absorbance at a particular distance below the top of the sample to concentration after some time has elapsed from the start of settling. The distance-time combination is reduced to a velocity,... 

The consolidated titanate waste pellets are similar in appearance to their glass counterparts, i.e., both are dense, black and apparently homogeneous. Microscopic analyses, however, reveal important differences between these two waste forms. While little definitive work has been done with glassy waste forms, it is apparent that several readily soluble oxide particulates of various nuclides are simply encapsulated in the glass matrix. The titanate waste form has undergone extensive analyses which includes optical microscopy, x-ray, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe, and transmission electron microscopy (l ) The samples of titanate examined were prepared by pressure sintering and consisted of material from a fully loaded titanate column. Zeolite and silicon additions were also present in the samples. 

X-RAY SCAN AND OTHER MEDICAL IMAGERY. Introduction of computerized axial tomography in the form of the X-ray cat scanner (CAT) was a major event in the history of diagnostic medicine. The technology is also referred simply as computerized tomography (CT). 

Figure 4.35 Calculated structure for an HT 3-hexylthiophene tetramer obtained by using molecular mechanics modeling, where the globally minimized tetramers have been docked in an idealized manner to X-ray structural parameters, (a) Intermolecular p-stacking between the thiophene rings as inferred from a (90 °C) X-ray pattern of the film, (b) Lamellar stacking as inferred from X-ray scans of intensity versus 20 data. Reprinted from R.D. McCullough, S. Tristram-Nagle, S.P. Williams, R.D. Lowe and M. Jayaraman, ]. Am. Chem. Soc., 115,4910 (1993). Copyright (1993) American Chemical Society...

Fig. 19 X-ray scans of resin G. (a) First heating, with temperatures indicated. Five minutes was allowed at each temperature for thermal equilibration for all samples, (b) Cooling, (c) 100 reflections as a function of temperature during heating and cooling, (d) 100 reflections at elevated temperature with the lowest curve being taken during heating, and the upper curves during cooling. 100 reflections at room temperature before and after heating to 400 °C are inset in d...

Fig. 21 X-ray scans of A18749. The lower three scans show the effect of cooling the nascent resin to 14 °C prior to any heat treatment. The uppermost scan is after heating to 400 °C and cooling.

Schulze D. J., Wiese D., and Steude J. (1996) Abundance and distribution of diamonds in eclogite revealed by volume visualization of CT X-ray scans. J. Geol. 104(1), 109-113. 

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