Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM Analysis

The grafting of polysaccharides results in a profound change in morphology. The morphology of grafted polysaccharides are generally fibular, i.e. consisting of fiber- like structures. 

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Triplicate aliquots were taken for particle size analysis and two of those aliquots were mixed for BET surface area analysis results are in Table III. The nine samples were individually sieved for size distribution. A chi-squared test was performed on each triplicate set in order to check the apparent efficiency of composite mixing. For all three composite samples, there was a 90 percent probability that each of the three replicates from each composite sample came from the same population. The A and C samples were combined and evaluated for surface area by nitrogen adsorption (BET). The B samples were then subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of polymer surfaces treated for 60 s, which is significantly greater than the 15 s treatment times used in this study, could detect no observable morphological differences between untreated and plasma-treated polymer surfaces for magnifications up to x20,000 (5). 

FIGURE 10.9 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of silicalite membranes over nonporous alumina substrates after 20 h of secondary growth synthesis conditions. Left top view. Right cross section. 

FIGURE 10.10 A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of l>-oriented SIL-1 layers over Si wafers (prepared by secondary growth using dip-coating as seeding technique) as a function of synthesis time. 

The observed behavior was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the particle size distribution vs. polymerization time, as illustrated in Figure 12.6. The utilization of... 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out with Shimadzu TPM 810. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was carried out using SEIKO TG/DTA- 220. 

In this section, the production of PP nanofibres containing silver nanoparticles using the above technique, together with their characterisations using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis are presented. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of nanofibres are evaluated using the quantitative American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) 100 test. The inclusion of nanosilver into polymers to form a nanocomposite has been demonstrated to have a profound effect on the crystallisation of the polymer, which in turn affects the properties of nanofibres, including their antibacterial properties. 

Low-temperature sublimation has been used to prepare samples for cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in order to examine herbicide particles in a water suspension. The sublimation of herbicide-containing frozen water droplets provides a suitable etching of the surface for the SEM technique. 

As is visible in Figure 4.14, a usage of 20 h is enough to produce an evident porosity of the dense layer also, an effect of superficial corrosion, due to the filamentous carbon, can be seen from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (Galuszka et al., 1998). All the experimental evidence showed that these kinds of membranes are useful for the separation of methane and carbon monoxide-free streams, because while the swelling, due to hydrogen, can be controlled in a certain way, the same cannot be said for filamentous carbon formation. 

There exist many studies on the compatibilization of these blends [52-56]. Summarizing the results, it can be stated that the compatibihzed blends had better mechanical properties than those for the non-compatibilized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the addition of the compatibilizers significantly decreases the PA domains and improves the adhesion between PA and PE phases, which is probably the reason for improving the mechanical performance. Mechanical tests and SEM analysis also showed that there exist a number of compatibilizers that can be used in the blend compounding, representing various copolymers of polyethylene. 

The observed behavior confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the particle size distribution versus polymerization time is illustrated in Figure 9.7. The utilization of the previously described investigations of both particle size versus conversion and size distribution versus time using TEM or SEM are related to the difficulty of particle number concentration determination (or estimation) induced by the swollen property of the microgels. 

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