Saphenous nerve

SP antagonists have been shown to inhibit the vasodilatation and plasma extravasation induced by antidromic stimulation of the saphenous nerves or by the infusion of SP [64]. In these experiments somatostatin also inhibited the effect due to antidromic stimulation but not that induced by infusion of SP. Interestingly, the opiate agonist, [DMet2-Pro5]enkephalinamide, also inhibited the vasodilatation evoked by antidromic nerve stimulation but not that induced by SP infusion [64],... 

The experiments have been performed on a setup that used the ps-OPO-based CARS system described above and a femtosecond Tiisapphire laser in conjunction with a commercial laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss, model LSM-510). The peripheral nerve samples were gained from C57/B6 wild-type mice. After removing the skin from the lower extremities from freshly sacrificed mice, the saphenous nerve is exposed as it runs very conveniently for excision along the saphenous vein, without too much additional fatty tissue and a favorable tissue thickness of less than 20 m. A 500- m long piece is excised and freed from additional fatty tissue as well as the collagenous nerve sheath. The myelinated nerve tissue is fixed for 3-5 hr in 4% PEA or 10% formalin and mounted on 100-pm thick coverslips that are treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or a chromium potassium sulfate solution. After... 

In combination with counts of ventral roots, femoral axon counts can be used to distinguish peripheral neuropathy from motor neuron death. The nerve has a primarily motor branch that innervates the quadriceps, and a primarily sensory branch that becomes the saphenous nerve more distally (Fig. 20.5). 

Fig. 20.5. Femoral nerve dissection. The motor and sensory branches of the femoral nerve are exposed. The mouse is supine and the right hip is shown (forceps are retracting the abdominal wall, A, P, M, L are anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral respectively, H is hamstring muscles). Some adipose tissue has been removed for clarity. The motor branch of the femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps (Q). The sensory branch becomes the saphenous nerve, which runs adjacent to the saphenous vein (Saph) on the medial side of the thigh. Dissecting the nerve where the tick marks provides a reasonable length of nerve to work with. Note the sensory branch sometimes runs as two fascicles and both should be taken to get reproducible counts. The scale bar is 2 mm. (Color figure is available online).

Kiang JG, Wei ET (1985) CRF an inhibitor of neurogenic plasma extravasation produced by saphenous nerve stimulation. Eur J Pharmacol 114 111-112 Kibaly C, Meyer L, Patte-Mensah C, Mensah-Nyagan AG (2008) Biochemictil tmd functional evidence for the control of pain mechanisms by dehydroepiandrosterone endogenously synthesized in the spinal cord. FASEB J 22 93-104... 

White, D.M., Ehrhard, P., Hardung, M., Meyer, D.K., Zim-mermann, M. and Otten, U. (1987) Substance P modulates the release of locally synthesized nerve growth factor from rat saphenous nerve neuroma. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Arch. Pharmacol. 336 587-590. 

Tifford CD, Spero L, Lirke T, Plancher KD (2000) The relationship of the infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve to arthroscopy portals and incisions for anterior cruciate ligament surgery an anatomic study. Am J Sports Med 28 562-567... 

Sanders B, Rolf R, McClelland W, Xerogeanes J (2007) Prevalence of saphenous nerve injury after autogenous hamstring harvest an anatomic and clinical study of sartorial branch injury. Arthroscopy 23 956-963... 

The disadvantage of BTB grafts is a higher incidence of donor-site morbidity, which includes anterior knee pain, kneeling problems, tenderness of the donor site, and intraoperative injury to the infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve. The incidence of anterior knee pain is reportedly 4—60 % [75-79], of which the causes have yet to be determined [80]. Correlated with anterior knee pain are knee extension loss [81], bone removal [62], changes in the mechanical properties of the patellar tendon [82, 83], scar formation within the removed area [84], patellofemoral arthritis [85], fat pad fibrosis [84], hypesthesia due to injury to the infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve [86], and a eye lops lesion [87], to name a few. 

Fig. 40.1 Course of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (arrows)...

Mochida H, Kikuchi S (1995) Injury to infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve in arthroscopic knee surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 320 88-94... 

Portland GH, Martin D, Keene G, Menz T (2005) Injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction comparison of horizontal versus vertical harvest site incisions. Arthroscopy 21(3) 281-285... 

The superficial venous system of the lower extremities is composed of innumerable subcutaneous collecting veins, the saphenous trunks and their tributaries. The CSV begins on the anterior and medial portion of the foot, runs anterior to the medial malleolus, and ascends the medial aspect of the calf and thigh to ultimately join the femoral vein at the fossa ovale (saphenofemoral junction, SFJ) several centimeters below the inguinal ligament (Fig. 9.1). The CSV is adjacent to the saphenous nerve (sensory)... 

Fig. 13.11a,b Adductor hiatus. Transverse a gray-scale and b color Doppler 12-5 MHz US images over the lower third of the medial thigh demonstrate the superficial femoral artery open arrowhead) and vein white arrowhead), and the saphenous nerve open arrow) which course underneath the aponeurosis white arrow) of the adductor magnus (AM). Note the sartorius muscle (Sa) which lies superficial to the femoral neurovascular bundle. The insert at the upper left of the figure indicates probe positioning... 

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