Salts soaps

Zinc fatty acid salts/soaps Fatty acid esters... 

Enemas may contain water, salts, soap, mineral detergent (docusate potassium), or hypertonic (sorbitol, sodium phosphate-biphosphate) fluids. These are convenient and generally safe for short-term use. Many of these solutions irritate the mucosa and may produce excessive mucus in the stool. Excessive use of these enema products may result in water intoxication and hyponatremia. 

Dampproofing admixtures are water-repelling materials such as wax emulsions, soaps and fatty acids which react with cement hydrates [84, 85]. The most widely used water-repelling materials are the calcium or ammonium salts of fatty acids such as stearates. Proprietary products are available both as dry powders and liquids. Usually, a stearate soap is blended with talc or fine silica sand and used at the prescribed dosage per weight or bag of cement. In commercial liquid preparations, the fatty-acid salt (soap) content is usually 20% or less, the balance of the solid material is made up of lime or CaCl2. Some proprietary admixtures combine two or more admixtures, e. 

The quantity in the ordinary theory of electrolytes which corresponds to the potential in electrokinetics, is the potential due to an ion, at a distance from its centre equal to its radius, i.e. half the distance of closest approach of two ions. In the case of moderately complex charged particles such as the ionic micelle of paraffin chain salts, soaps, etc., the potential is the potential in the water just outside the micelle with its adherent gegenions , the small ions of opposite sign which, according to G. S. Hartley, adhere to the micelle and very considerably affect its motion in an electric field.1... 

In kraft pulping, the resin and fatty acids which are either free or liberated in the hydrolysis of fats and waxes are dissolved as sodium salts ("soaps") in the cooking liquor. Especially the resin acid salts are effective emulgators... 

Rosin. Rosin is used mainly in some modified form. Because the abietic-type acids in rosin each contain a carboxyl group and double bonds, they are reactive and can be used to produce salts, soaps, esters, amines, amides, nitriles, and Diels Alder adducts and they can be isomerized, disproportionated, hydrogenated, dimerized, and polymerized. When destructively distilled, rosin produces a viscous liquid, termed rosin oil, used in lubricating greases. 

Glycerides can also be hydrolyzed by treatment with alkali (saponification). After acidification and extraction, the free fatty acids are recovered as alkali salts (soaps). 

Creams, lotions, oil, powders, shampoos Bubble baths, capsules, oils, salts, soaps and detergents, tablets Creams, douches, liquids and pads, lotions, personal cleansing products Aerosols, breath fresheners, liquids, mouthwashes, pastes, powders Colognes and toilet waters, deodorants, fragrances, perfumes... 

Incompatible with aluminum, anionic surfactants, citrates, cotton, fluorescein, hydrogen peroxide, hypromellose, iodides, kaolin, lanolin, nitrates, nonionic surfactants in high concentration, permanganates, protein, salicylates, silver salts, soaps, sulfonamides, tartrates, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, some rubber mixes, and some plastic mixes. 

Ordinary soap today is simply a mixture of sodium salts of long-chain fatty acids. It is a mixture because the fat from which it is made is a mixture, and for washing our hands or our clothes a mixture is just as good as a single pure salt. Soap may vary in composition and method of processing if made from olive oil, it is Castile soap alcohol can be added to make it transparent air can be beaten in to make it float perfumes, dyes, and germicides can be added if a potassium salt (instead of a sodium salt), it is soft soap. Chemically, however, soap remains pretty much the same, and does its job in the same way. 

Earlier, monopolies had been granted on the manufacture of commodities— for example, salt, soap, and others—as well as on inventions. On July 1, 1617, John Casper Wolfen and John Miller obtained Letters Patent for 21 years for the sole making of "a certain oyle to keep armor and armes from rust and kanker, paying into his Ma Exchequer yearlie XLS. ... 

Derivation The spent black liquor from the pulping process is concentrated until the sodium salts (soaps) of the various acids separate out and are skimmed off. These are acidified by sulfuric acid. Composition and properties vary widely, but average 35—40% rosin acids, 50-60% fatty acids. 

Fatty Acid Salts (Soaps [82]) Negative, in vitro Considered safe as is part of the human diet Not carcinogenic Not reprotoxic... 

Eatty acids and their salts (soaps) are widely investigated under the existing chemicals programme [157]. Because of a very rapid biodegradation no adverse effects to the environment have been identified from the current uses. 

White, odorless, tasteless, heavy powder slowly dec by sunlight into mercuric chloride and metallic mercury sublimes at 400-500 without melting, d 7.15. Practically insol in water (0-00020g/]00 ml H20 at 25 ) HCI or alkali and alkaline earth chlorides increase soly in water. Insol in alcohol. ether. Dec by solns of alkali iodides, bromides or cya -nides into the mercuric salt and metallic mecury solns of alkali chlorides act similarly but slowly. It is blackened by ammonia, caustic alkali and alkaline earth solns. Protect from light. Incompat Bromides, iodides, alkali chlorides, sulfates, sulfites, carbonates, hydroxides, lime water, acacia, ammonia, golden antimony sulfide, cocaine, cyanides, copper salts, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, iodoform, lead salts, silver salts, soap, sulfides. 

Coconut fatty acid, sodium salt Coconut oil fatty acids, sodium salt EINECS 268050-4 Fatty acids, coco, sodium salts Fatty acids, coconut oil, sodium salts Soap, coconut oil Sodium cocoate Sodium coconate. 

Fats and oils are triesters of glycerol. Hydrolyzing the ester groups in a basic solution (saponification) forms glycerol and fatty acid salts (soaps). Long-chain carboxylate ions arrange themselves in spherical clusters called micelles. The attractive forces of hydrocarbon chains for each other in water are called hydrophobic interactions. 

Lipids include fats, waxes, steroids, phospholipids, and also hydrocarbons and free higher fatty adds and thdr salts — soaps belong in this category. By standard analysis lipids are determined as extractable substances the quantity produced by man is about 15 g per day which corresponds to an average concentration in sewage waters ranging from 50 to 100 mg 1. Other sources of extractable substances in sewage waters are by-products of the foodstuff industry, laundries, etc. which is evident from the considerable increase in the quantity of these substances. 

Figure 18.23 A schematic diagram of a micelle composed of (a) an /7-decane—salt soap (b) the micelle has incorporated a few polar molecules (/7-pentanol) (c) the micelle has incorporated some nonpolar molecules (nonane). (From J. L. Kavanau, Structure and Function in Biological Membranes, vol. I. San Francisco Holden-Day, 1965.)...

Ihe picture of cxrid versus potaissium salt soaps (K-soaps) is not clear. Mhile K-soaps significantly enhanced the toxicity of capric, sbecuric and linoleic, it reduced the effects of caproic and palmitic the other fatt acids were undianged. 

With an enormous variety of creams, lotions, deodorants, antiperspirants, sunscreens, makeup, hair preparations, bath salts, soaps, and shaving products, cosmetics are applied to alter, preserve, or beautify the outer surface of the body (skin, hair, nails, lips, eyes, and teeth) by cleaning, colouring, conditioning, or protecting. Perfumery products are applied to our skin and hair to emit pleasant odours. The constituents of cosmetics and perfumes can be grouped as follows ... 

Abstract New acylation techniques were developed for the fabrication of fatty estos of cellulose and starch. They exclude the use of organic solvents and are readily achieved. Emulsification of the fatty acid in water allowed die intimate contact between the tty recent and die polysaccharide. Fatty acid salts (soap) were used as both catalyst and emulsifying agent. Reaction conditions were optimized using an experimental design. Starch and cellulose octanoates were obtained having a DS of 0.52 and 0.23 with a recuperation yield of 70 and 85 %, respectively. Both polysaccharide esters showed a marked hydrophobic character. 

Properties Yel. clear liq. sol. in most org. soivs. and oils pract. insol. in water m.w. 365.60 dens. 0.93 kg/l f.p. -31 C amphoteric Uses Emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor in sol. cutting oils antifoam for antibiotic prod. pigment grinding aid and dispersant wetting agent for paper, textiles, metal cleaners detergent antioxidant emulsion stabilizer acid acceptor in salts, soaps antistat Trade Names Alkaterge -E... 

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