Stearate soaps

Pa.ste Shampoos. These shampoos represent thickened versions of opaque shampoos. They have a somewhat firm, cream-like consistency and are packaged in jars and/or tubes. Thickening of these systems is usually accompHshed through additions of stearate soaps and electrolytes. 

Commercial Stabilizers. There are six lead salts and soaps that typically are used in the commercial PVC stabilizers. The lead stearate soaps are often combined with the lead salts to provide lubrication and added stabilizer activity. The key to the high activity of these stabilizers is the very high lead content. Table 5 describes six commonly used lead stabilizers. 

The 40% aqueous solution of TRIS AMINO is nonirritating to the eyes and skin. In general, the toxicology of the alkan olamines is typical of alkaline materials, ie, the greater the base strength, the greater the effect. Neutralized alkan olamines are much less toxic their stearate soaps, for instance, have been found to be nonhazardous. 

Lyotropic LCs can also be described by a simple model. Such molecules usually possess the amphiphilic nature characteristic of surfactant, consisting of a polar head and one or several aliphatic chains. A representative example is sodium stearate (soap), which forms mesophases in aqueous solutions (Figure 8.4a). In lyotropic mesophases, not only does temperature play an important role, but also the solvent, the number of components in the solution and their concentration. Depending on these factors, different types of micelles can be formed. Three representative types of micelles are presented in Figure 8.4b-d. 

Heat the oil phase and water phase to about 65° C. Add the oil phase slowly to the aqueous phase with stirring to form a crude emulsion. Cool to about 50°C and homogenize. Cool with agitation until congealed. Note In this classic preparation, the stearic acid reacts with the alkaline borate to form the emulsifying stearate soap. VIII. Paste (zinc oxide paste, USP) Zinc oxide 25%... 

Dampproofing admixtures are water-repelling materials such as wax emulsions, soaps and fatty acids which react with cement hydrates [84, 85]. The most widely used water-repelling materials are the calcium or ammonium salts of fatty acids such as stearates. Proprietary products are available both as dry powders and liquids. Usually, a stearate soap is blended with talc or fine silica sand and used at the prescribed dosage per weight or bag of cement. In commercial liquid preparations, the fatty-acid salt (soap) content is usually 20% or less, the balance of the solid material is made up of lime or CaCl2. Some proprietary admixtures combine two or more admixtures, e. 

Opacifiers. Opaque shampoos are produced by incorporating high melting, wax-like, dispersible materials into their preparation. Some of these materials crystallize in such a fashion that they effect a pearlescence in the product. Opacifying agents found in shampoos include the glycol mono- and diesters, higher fatty alcohols such as cetyl and stearyl forms, stearate soaps, and latex copolymer emulsions. 

Early soaps were made by heating sodium and potassium hydroxide with beef fat, which contains an ester formed between glycerol and stearic acid (See Section 19.7). The sodium hydroxide attacks the ester and forms soluble sodium stearate. Soaps, however, form a scum in hard... 

See lead naphthenate lead oleate lead stearate soap... 

Figure 4-8. Surface activity and orientation of soap molecules, water medium due to its hydrophobicity (Fig. 4-8) and concentrate at the surface. The hydrophilic grouping (carboxyl head, O) just dip in the water at the surface and the sodium cation is in the vicinity of negatively charged carboxyl head. Thus this compound, sodium stearate (soap), distort the structure of water and decrease the free energy of the system.

If a higher fatty acid is used, a soap is formed, e.g. Ciy-Hss-COONa, sodium stearate. Soaps are the oldest and simplest detergents and surfactants (see Chapter 10). 

Palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) oil Sodium stearate soap ingredient, soft Potassium carbonate soap making Sodium abietate soap mfg. 

Stearate soaps Dodecyl sulphate Dodecylbenzene sulphonate Dioctyl sulphosuccinate Nonyl phenol polyether sulphate Dodecyl polyether phosphate Polyethoxylated alkanol Polyethoxylated nonyl phenol Polyethoxylated polypropylene glycol (pluronic) Glyceryl monolaurate... 

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