Facial nerve

DIES-associated neuropathy has a variety of chnical presentations, including painful symmetric or asymmetric sensorimotor neuropathy, distal sensory neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, and demyelinating polyneuropathy (Gherardi et al. 1998). Cranial neuropathy without evidence of a more generahzed neuropathy may occur, typically as a facial nerve palsy in association with parotidomegaly (Itescu et al. 1990 Brew 2003). The neuropathy develops subacutely over days to weeks. In some cases, muscle weakness may be a result of an inflammatory myositis (Kazi et al. 1996). 

FeldmanRG. 1970. Facial nerve latency studies in man. Effects of trichloroethylene exposure. Electromyography 10 93-100. 

Facial nerve—monitor contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle... 

Chvostek s sign The physical sign noted when a tap on the patient s facial nerve adjacent to the ear produces a brief contraction of the upper lip, nose, or side of the face. 

Cameron C, Lodes MW and Gershan WM. 2007. Facial nerve palsy associated with serum vitamin A level in an infant with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 6 241-243. 

Comparatively little definitive data are available with respect to neuroanatomical variations. Some idea of the extent of the variation may be gained, however, from a consideration of Figure 12 in which are depicted eight patterns of the facial nerve. It may be observed that, as among other anatomical features, there is no single pattern (or even two or three patterns) and that there are no set or normal positions for anastomoses. 

The facial nerve. Major types of facial nerve branching and anastomosis, with percentage occurrence (in 100 facial halves). I, Major divisions (temporal and facial) independent II, anastomosis between rami of the tempora division III, connection between adjacent rami from the major divisions IV anastomoses representing a composite of those in II and III ... 

Trigeminal neuralgia pain and spasms along the trigeminal facial nerve... 

Facial nerve paralysis - 100 mg twice daily for 14 to 21 days. 

Salivary Gland Tumors. Neutron beam therapy should be considered as the treatment of choice in patients with unresectable malignant salivary gland tumors or in patients where radical resection would require facial nerve sacrifice (Table 4) [33]. 

Bell s palsy It increases the recovery time for facial nerve function in Bell s palsy. 

N.A. Gelsemine, gelsedine, iridoids, coumarins, tannins." This herb is toxic. A sedative, antispasmodic, treat neuralgia, facial nerve pain. Externally treat intercostal neuralgia. 

Landgrebe, M., Laskawi, R., Wolff, J.R. (2000). Transient changes in cortical distribution of SI00 proteins during reorganization of somatotopy in the primary motor cortex induced by facial nerve transection in adult rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12 3729-40. 

Figure 1. Diagram of the three cranial nerves and associated sensory ganglia that innervate taste buds. As illustrated, electrical recordings were taken from single neurons in the ganglia. Geniculate ganglion in facial nerve petrosal in glossopharyngeal nodose in vagus.

Geniculate Ganglion (Facial Nerve) GG. Petrosal Ganglion (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) PG... 

The human clearly possesses a facial nerve amino acid system similar to the carnivore (16) and a petrosal system similar to the dog furaneol system (14, 17). The human also possesses a glutamate system, yet undetected in any experimental mammal (18, 19). 

The dog units were labeled furaneol units because this compound is found in large quantity in many fruits (26). Besides being intensely sweet, this compound also has a fragrant odor and is a character impact compound for many fruits. It is believed that this dog furaneol taste system is specific for fruit and is linked with the seed dispersing function of the dog. The presence of this taste system and its absence is readily detectable in the natural eating behavior of canines and felids. In a natural environment canines will supplement their small animal diet with fruit of the season, unlike felids. Nucleotide responsive units are relatively rare in taste systems. The only other vertebrate nucleotide taste system that has been described is in the puffer fish (27). This fish facial nerve taste system, like that in the cat, also responded to a wide variety of nucleotides and to inorganic phosphate compounds. In invertebrates, nucleotide taste systems have been described for blood sucking animals where they are common (28). 

Unlike blepharospasm, the origins of hemifacial spasm are much better understood. Hemifecial spasm may occasionally be familial. In most instances, however, the spasm results from microvascular compression or irritation of the facial nerve by an aberrant artery of abnormal vasculature in the posterior fossa or from a cerebellopontine tumor. 

Several in vivo stuckes support the capacity of inflammation in mecUating neuroprotective and neurodegenerative properties in the nervous system. One such example is the facial nerve axotomy paracUgm in newborn rats and rabbits. In this system model, axotomized motor neurons recover coincidentally with the development of the glial response (Moran and Graeber, 2004). It was also shown that a month after implantation of... 

Seipe CJ, Kolim AP, Huppenbauer CB, Sanders VM, Jones KJ (1999) Exacerbation of facial motoneuron loss after facial nerve ti aiisecdon in severe combined immuiiodeficient (scid) mice. J Neurosci 9 RC7. 

Moran LB, Graeber MB (2004) The facial nerve axotomy model. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 44 154-178. 

An 80-year-old woman had severe difficulty in swallowing and flaccid paralysis of her cervical muscles starting 4 days after the periocular injection of botulinum toxin 120 MU for blepharospasm (12). She also developed bilateral facial nerve paralysis and slurred speech and could not fully close her eyes. Barium swallow and fluoroscopy showed signs of aspiration. The serum concentration of antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies was 6.9 units (reference range 0-0.7 units). Mestinone and prednisone improved her symptoms. She had been treated with botulinum toxin on 18 occasions over the previous 13 years without any untoward effects. 

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