Growth arrest

Nail involvement presents as pitting, discoloration ("oil spots"), crumbling, splinter hemorrhages, growth arrest lines, or tissue build-up around the nails. 

Law, B.K. et al. (2002) Rapamycin potentiates transforming growth factor P-induced growth arrest in nontransformed, oncogene-transformed, and human cancer cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 8184-8198. 

Growth-Arrest-Specific protein 2 Domain Gastrin/cholecystokinin/caerulein family Dynamin GTPase effector domain Gelsolin homology domain G protein y subunit-like motifs Glycoprotein hormone a chain homologs... 

Miglioeini, D., et al., Mdm4 (Mdmx) regulates p53-induced growth arrest and neuronal cell death during early embryonic mouse development. Mol Cell Biol, 2002, 22(15), 5527-38. 

Nakano, T., Ishimoto, Y., Kishino, J., Umeda, M., Inoue. K., Nagata, K., Ohashi, K., Mizuno, K., and Arita H., 1997, CeU adhesion to phosphatidylserine mediated by a product of growth arrest-specific gene 6./. Biol. Chem. Ill 29411-29414. 

Eurnaii, E.B., Huang, H.J., Cavenee, W.K., 1998, The phosphatidyhnositol phosphatase activity of PTEN mediates a senim-sensititve G1 growth arrest in glioma cells. Cancer Res, 58 5002-5008. 

CHO cells, also show a lower sensitivity to bleomycin (Lopez-Larraza et al, 2006). The ATC-15 cells exhibit satisfactory growth at bleomycin doses that produce a permanent growth arrest of CHO cells, thereby suggesting that mosquito cells might have linker DNA shorter than that of mammalian cells. 

Shammas MA, Reis RJS, Cheng L, Koley H, Hurley LH, Anedrson KC, Munshi NC (2004) Telomerase inhibition and cell growth arrest after telomestatin treatment in multiple myeloma. Chn Cancer Res... 

Figure 5 Signaling of cell growth through NGF and NGFR TrkA. Binding of NGF to TrkA results in TrkA auto-phosphorylation. The phosphorylated receptor can interact with She and triggers the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway. Phosphorylation of ELK-1 initiates gene transcription and cell growth. Ras also activates RhoA, which inhibits the growth arrest protein p21°" .

Fibroblast APOE levels increase under conditions of serum-starvation-induced growth arrest and hypoxia-induced senescence. In both cases, increased nuclear APOE levels are observed, particularly in cells that accumulate lipofuscin. Nuclear APOE is translocated to the cytosol when mitotic nuclear disassembly occurs, and this is associated with an increase in total cellular APOE levels (500). 

Quinn, C.M., Kagedal, K., Terman, A., et al. (2004) Induction of fibroblast apohpoprotein E expression during apoptosis, starvation-induced growth arrest and mitosis. Biochem. J., 378, 753-761. 

Chang CC, Heller JD, Kno J, Hnang RC. (2004) Tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces growth arrest and cellular apoptosis by inhibiting Cdc2 and survivin expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 13239-13244. 

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