Safety laboratory activities

Read the entire laboratory activity. Hypothesize what safety precautions will be needed to handle the different chemicals and lab equipment in this experiment. Record your hypothesis on page 3. 

The laboratory activity and its services to customers are designed and developed so as to respond effectively and efficiently to the needs and expectations of its customers and interested parties. Factors such as safety and health, testability, usability, user-friendliness, the enviromnent and identified risks should be considered when designing the laboratoiy process. 

SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), 121 Safety precautions for laboratory activities, 223-224... 

In this chapter, we begin by describing the laboratory facilities and equipment needed for biochemical and molecular biological work. This is followed by advice on safe working in the laboratory, and discussion of the safety regulations that usually apply in a biochemistry laboratory. We describe a range of common laboratory activities, but do not include some important topics, such as chromatography, electrophoresis and photometric methods, which are considered later in specific chapters. The chapter concludes with a description of radioactive methods, and advice about alternatives to the use of radioactivity. 

All laboratory waste (Figure 1.21) must be disposed of according to official procedures of the I.O.N.S. Corporation. These procedures are in compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, and the guidelines of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupation Safety and Health Act (OSHA). These procedures are listed in a separate document. All laboratory workers should consult their supervisor for proper disposal procedures following a given laboratory activity. 

With sufficient material in hand from the feared benzyne-osmium sequence to support immediate drug development activities, our process research efforts turned to establishing a preferred commercial synthetic route to varenicline (1). Given the extensive and highly successful development of the discovery synthesis from 6 to varenicline in early scale-up campaigns, and the supportive studies by the safety laboratory, the process research task therefore became clear— to establish a reliable supply of benzazepine 6. 

Small-Scale Laboratory Manual activities use the latest development in laboratory teclmiques—small-scale chemistry. In small-scale chemistry, you often use plastic pipettes and microplates instead of large glass beakers, flasks, and test tubes. You also use small amount of chemicals in reactions. Still, when working with small-scale chemistry, you should use the same care in obtaining data and making observations that you would use in large-scale laboratory activities. Likewise, you must observe the same safety precautions as for any chemistry experiment. 

Accordingly, a crucial component of chemical education at every level is to nurture basic attitudes and habits of prudent behavior in the laboratory so that safety is a valued and inseparable part of all laboratory activity. In this way, "safety first" becomes an internalized attitude, not just an external expectation driven by institutional rules. This process must be part and parcel of each person s chemical education throughout his or her scientific career. One aim of the present volume is to encourage academic institutions to address this responsibility effectively and cultivate their students participation in the culture of laboratory safety as a solid basis for their careers as professional chemists. 

While the school principal or college president is ultimately responsible for the safety of students in courses that involve laboratory activity, the laboratory instructor carries direct responsibility for what actually takes place under his or her direction. The instructor is responsible for developing the positive attitudes and habits of the culture of laboratory safety as well as the necessary skills for handling chemicals safely. 

Statistics reinforced the preconceived idea that maintenance activities have an element of danger. A British publication by the Health and Safety Laboratory (2003) [1] stated that maintenance activities accounted for about 15.6% of all the 718 loss of containment incidents that were reported This study collected data over a period of 11 years. Of 112 loss of containment incidents that were attributed to maintenance activity, 57 were classified having do to with procedures (or the lack of them) or improperly implementing the existing maintenance procedures. Of 112 loss of containment incidents 37 were attributed to the permit to work system [1]. 

We will consider the two different types of spills mentioned above spills in the open, and spills in the biological safety cabinet. As a rule, spills in the open are more disruptive to laboratory operation since the laboratory must be evacuated until decontamination is completed, while spills in the biological safety cabinet, if the spill is completely contained within the cabinet, involve much less disruption of laboratory activities. 

The research activity here presented has been carried out at the N.D.T. laboratory of l.S.P.E.S.L. (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Prevention) and it is aimed at the set up of the Stress Pattern Analysis by Measuring Thermal Emission technique [I] applied to pressure vessels. Basically, the SPATE system detects the infrared flux emitted from points resulting from the minute temperature changes in a cyclically stressed structure or component. 

CTB 941.2-93 defines laboratories subject to accreditation in National system. Among others laboratories with legal status, results of testing and measurements of which are used in assessment of safety of products, works and services, in diagnostics of technical state of critical safety objects and vehicles are noted. These laboratories use different NDT methods in their activities. 

Special demands are made to the laboratories that perform radiographic testing. They must observe sanitary norms and rules of radiation safety in their activities. Transportation of the equipment for implement works on site has to ensure observance of the requirements of the radiation safety. 

Health and Safety Factors. Sulfur hexafluoride is a nonflammable, relatively unreactive gas that has been described as physiologically inert (54). The current OSHA standard maximum allowable concentration for human exposure in air is 6000 mg/m (1000 ppm) TWA (55). The Underwriters Laboratories classification is Toxicity Group VI. It should be noted, however, that breakdown products of SF, produced by electrical decomposition of the gas, are toxic. If SF is exposed to electrical arcing, provision should be made to absorb the toxic components by passing the gas over activated alumina, soda-lime, or molecular sieves (qv) (56). 

Raw materials. Most luminous organisms can be stored at —70°C or below under aerobic conditions, or with dry ice, without a significant loss of luminescence activity for a period of several months or more, although a trial is always recommended. Even if a substance already extracted is unstable when stored with dry ice (like the luciferase of Cypridina and the luciferins of euphausiids and dinoflag-ellates), the same substance in the organisms before extraction can be safely stored at — 70° C or with dry ice. The material can also be stored with liquid nitrogen for added safety, but the quantity storable in a laboratory setup (e.g., Dewar flask) is limited. 

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