Safety basic terminology

EN ISO 12100-1 Machine Safety, Basic Terminology, General Principles of Machine Design—Part 1 Basic Terminology... 

It is essential to the assessment of safety measures, from a legal as well as from a societal point of view, to have a common understanding of the basic terminology used. Examples are words like hazard or safety. In this context it must be emphasized that the majority of terms expresses probabilities, which are not generally quantifiable. Day to day practice, however, requires certain safety definitions to come up with concrete measures in order to fulfil the promise of safe manufacturing processes. 

Standard EN 292 has two parts. Part 1 is titled Safety of machinery—Basic concepts, general principles for design. It covers basic terminology and methodology. Part 2 covers Technical principles and specifications. Although this standard was published in 1991, its full impact was not felt until 1997. 

Safety of Machinery—Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design, Parti. Basic Terminology, Methodology. European Standard EN 292-1. Brussels Central Secretariat, European Committee for Standardization, 1991. 

How did it come to be Under the auspices of the Central Secretariat, European Conomittee for Standardization, European Standard EN 292 was issued in 1991. Its title is Safety of machinery—Basic concepts, general principles for design." It has two parts Part 1 carries the subtitle Basic terminology, methodology". Part 2 is subtitled Technical principles and specifications."... 

For example, a European standard adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) requires that risk assessments be made for all machinery to go into a workplace within the European Community. That standard is ISO 12100-1, Safety of Machinery—Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design Part 1, Basic Terminology, Methodology. The risk assessment process is outlined in ISO 14121, Safety of Machinery—Principles for Risk Assessments. These risk assessment requirements have been met in some companies by applying an adaptation of the PHA technique. 

British Standards Institution, BS EN 292 (ISO 12100), Safety of Machinery - Basic concepts and general principles for design - Part 2 Basic terminology and methodology, Part 2 Technical principles and specifications, BSI, London... 

The failure modes of integrated circuits (IC) have already been illustrated in Chapter 5. Their significance is special for safety-related equipment since IC failure modes may be undefinable. Some basic terminology for IC failures is presented in Table 6.1. 

British Standard, (1991) BS EN 292 Safety of Machinery - Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design, Part 1 Basic Terminology Methodology Part 2 Technical Principles and Specification . 

This chapter describes the basic principles and procedures for the evaluation of overpressure potential in plant equipment, and for the selection, design and specification of appropriate pressure relieving facilities. The design of closed safety valves and flare headers is included in this chapter, but blowdown drums and flares are covered separately. To properly discuss this subject, the reader should become familiar with the following terminology. 

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) has undertaken a project to harmonize approaches to the assessment of risk from exposure to chemicals through increased understanding. The project focuses on specific issues and attempts to achieve agreement on basic principles. Among the project s focus areas are exposure assessment and terminology for exposure assessment and risk assessment. The status for the activities of the harmonization project is published in a newsletter (WHO/IPCS 2007). 

It is a basic requirement of a profession to develop a precise and commonly accepted language that clearly presents an image of the profession. And the terminology used by safety professionals also should convey an immediate perception of their practice. 

There are many great reference books that provide a broader, more in-depth definition for the terms I have included. My intent was to help those in the safety community who may not be familiar with some common lean terminology, gain a basic understanding while reading this book. 

The field of safety and loss prevention encompasses various unrelated industries and organizations, such as the insurance field, research entities, process industries, and educational organizations. Many of these organizations may not realize that their individual terminology may not be nnderstood by individuals or even compatible with the nomenclature used outside their own sphere of influence. It is therefore prudent to have a basic understanding of these individual terms in order to resolve these concerns. 

An all-encompassing reference, the book uses OSHA standards and interpretations as guidelines for the definitions and explanations. Drawing from the many areas that influence the terminology, it provides a basic understanding of the many terms used in loss prevention and safety control. 

The term basic process control function (BPCF) was developed to differentiate between the functional requirement for process control (what needs to be done) and the delivery of the functional requirement through the basic process control system (how it is done). The terminology is intentionally analogous to the terms safety instrumented function and safety instrumented system . 

The concern here is that a concerted cyber-attack on a site might pose a threat to the safety of the hazardous plant. The terminology here is important and a summary of basic information security terminology is provided in Table 3.1. 

The first chapter of this book included basic definitions relating to the management of safety. There is a wide range and some diversity of terminology contained within British and European standards and HSE and industry guidance. The following definitions, drawn from the standards and guidance, are used in this book. 

However, lEC 61508 was written from the point of view of process control installations, and functional safely practitioners often have difftculty interpreting how it should be applied to equipment, systems and installations that are not safety-related systems as defined rather narrowly in lEC 61508. For example, the lEC medical standards community eschews lEC 61508, despite its official pilot function , and instead applies ISO 14971 (ISO 2007), which has the same basic approach as lEC 61508 but uses different terminology and is nowhere near as detailed. The automotive industry also has difficulty with applying lEC 61508, and so is writing its own functional safely standard ISO 26262 (ISO 2009). And what about household appliances Their basic standard lEC 60335-1 (lEC 2006a) covers functional safety, but has a simple test standards-based approach to EMI that is quite unsuitable for this task, as discussed in Section 4 of this paper. 

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